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Inorganic, isotopic, and organic composition of high-chloride water from wells in a coastal southern California aquifer

Applied Geochemistry (Elsevier) | August 1st, 2005

Summary

Chloride concentrations were as high as 230 mg/L in water from the surface discharge of long-screened production wells in Pleasant Valley, Calif., about 100 km NW of Lo

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Installation of Bioretention Rain Gardens to Achieve Pollutant Reduction

San Francisco Estuary Institute (SFEI) | December 1st, 2019

Summary

Green infrastructure (GI) is a resilient approach to managing stormwater at its source while also delivering environmental, social, and economic benefits. GI uses vegetat

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Institutions and the Economic Efficiency of Managed Aquifer Recharge as a Mitigation Strategy Against Drought Impacts on Irrigated Agriculture in California

American Geophysical Union (AGU) | May 28th, 2022

Summary

Managed aquifer recharge (or intentional recharge) is a purposeful human intervention designed to supplement natural enrichment processes of groundwater aquifers by vario

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Integrated Coastal Groundwater Monitoring Program and Plan

Monterey County Water Resources Agency (MCWRA) | May 19th, 2019

Summary

California American Water Company (CalAm) is working to increase sustainability of their water supply portfolio to meet the long-term needs of customers in their

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Integrated Hydrologic Model of Pajaro Valley, Santa Cruz and Monterey Counties, California

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) | September 5th, 2014

Summary

Increasing population, agricultural development (including shifts to more water-intensive crops), and climate variability are placing increasingly larger demands on avail

Increasing population, agricultural development (including shifts to more water-intensive crops), and climate variability are placing increasingly larger demands on available groundwater resources in the Pajaro Valley, one of the most productive agricultural regions in the world. This study provided a refined conceptual model, geohydrologic framework, and integrated hydrologic model of the Pajaro Valley. The goal of this study was to produce a model capable of being accurate at scales relevant to water management decisions that are being considered in the revision and updates to the Basin Management Plan (BMP). The Pajaro Valley Hydrologic Model (PVHM) was designed to reproduce the most important natural and human components of the hydrologic system and related climatic factors, permitting an accurate assessment of groundwater conditions and processes that can inform the new BMP and help to improve planning for long-term sustainability of water resources. Model development included a revision of the conceptual model of the flow system, reevaluation of the previous model transformed into MODFLOW, implementation of the new geohydrologic model and conceptual model, and calibration of the transient hydrologic model. The conceptual model identified inflows and outflows that include the movement and use of water from natural and human components. The groundwater flow system is characterized as a layered geologic sedimentary system through which downward flow is driven by the combined effects of the application of irrigation water at the land surface and the pumping of groundwater from deeper in the system. Overall, groundwater meets most of the agricultural demand in the initial part of the growing season, augmented by precipitation during wet winter and spring seasons. In addition, the amount of groundwater used for irrigation varies from year to year in response to climate variation and can increase dramatically in dry years. Data on agricultural pumpage is a major component of simulated outflow that was previously unavailable; therefore, a coupled farm-process model was used to estimate historical pumpage for Pajaro Valley by subregion (water-balance subregions) as well as the delivery of surface water to and from the Harkins Slough Aquifer-Storage-and-Recovery System (HS-ASR) and related Coastal Distribution System (CDS) since 2002. The new, integrated hydrologic model includes new water-balance subregions; delineation of natural, municipal, and agricultural land use; streamflow networks; regions of tile drains; and, the groundwater flow system. The redefinition of the geohydrologic framework and incorporation into the simulation revealed the importance of the confining units at the base of the alluvial deposits and between the upper and lower Aromas Sand for regional groundwater flow.

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Integrated simulation of consumptive use and land subsidence in the Central Valley, California, for the past and for a future subject to urbanization and climate change

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) | October 17th, 2010

Summary

Competition for water resources is growing throughout California, particularly in the Central Valley where about 20% of all groundwater used in the United States of Ameri

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Integrated Surface and Groundwater Modeling of Martis Valley, California, for Assessment of Potential Climate Change Impacts on Basin-Scale Water Resources

U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) | April 15th, 2015

Summary

This study develops a modeling framework to better understand surface and groundwater interactions in the Martis Valley Basin. Prior to the current study there were no ph

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Integrating Storage in California’s Changing Water System

University of California, Davis (UC Davis) | November 13th, 2014

Summary

Surface water reservoirs provide water supply and flood management benefits by capturing water when available and storing it for use when needed. Surface reservoirs are c

Surface water reservoirs provide water supply and flood management benefits by capturing water when available and storing it for use when needed. Surface reservoirs are commonly operated more for seasonal or short-term inter-annual needs. Groundwater aquifers generally provide longer-term storage and a source of water and seasonal storage in areas where surface water is limited. This paper reviews the benefits and challenges of water storage in California’s evolving water system, and provides some quantitative insights from an integrated analysis of this system. Water storage should not be viewed as isolated projects. For today’s water management objectives and conditions, surface water and groundwater storage should be considered and analyzed as parts of larger systems or portfolios of actions that include a wide variety of water sources, types and locations of storage, conveyance alternatives, and managing all forms of water demands. Such an integrated, multi-benefit perspective and analysis is a fundamental departure from most ongoing policy discussions and project analyses. The pilot study described in this paper focused on water storage and concludes that ability to utilize additional water storage in California varies greatly with its location, the availability of water conveyance capacity, and operation of the system to integrate surface, groundwater, and conveyance facilities. At most, California’s large-scale water system could utilize up to 5-6 million acre-feet of additional surface and groundwater storage capacity, and probably no more, which would likely provide 50-150 taf/year of additional water delivery for each million acre foot of additional storage capacity alone. The water supply and environmental performance of additional storage capacity is greatest when surface and groundwater storage are operated together. The benefits, and likely cost-effectiveness, of coordinating surface and groundwater storage and conveyance operations greatly surpass the benefits of expanding storage capacity alone, greatly expanding water delivery increases to as much as 200 taf/maf of additional storage capacity. Because we did not quantify and compare the economic value and costs of water supply and other benefits of expanding storage capacity, we cannot yet say if particular expansions would be economically justified. Similarly, because we did not comprehensively analyze the environmental impacts of expanding storage capacity or specific storage projects, we cannot yet say if particular expansions would be environmentally justified. Further, this study does not consider reoperation of existing facilities, water demand management, changes in prioritization of water uses or rights, or other policy or regulatory actions that might change the ability to supply water demands using existing water storage capabilities.

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Interbasin flow in the Great Basin with special reference to the southern Funeral Mountains and the source of Furnace Creek springs, Death Valley, California, U.S.

Journal of Hydrology (Elsevier) | May 5th, 2009

Summary

Interbasin flow in the Great Basin has been established by scientific studies during the past century. While not occurring uniformly between all basins, its occurrence is

Interbasin flow in the Great Basin has been established by scientific studies during the past century. While not occurring uniformly between all basins, its occurrence is common and is a function of the hydraulic gradient between basins and hydraulic conductivity of the intervening rocks. The Furnace Creek springs in Death Valley, California are an example of large volume springs that are widely accepted as being the discharge points of regional interbasin flow. The flow path has been interpreted historically to be through consolidated Paleozoic carbonate rocks in the southern Funeral Mountains. This work reviews the preponderance of evidence supporting the concept of interbasin flow in the Death Valley region and the Great Basin and addresses the conceptual model of pluvial and recent recharge [Nelson, S.T., Anderson, K., Mayo, A.L., 2004. Testing the interbasin flow hypothesis at Death Valley, California. EOS 85, 349; Anderson, K., Nelson, S., Mayo, A., Tingey, D., 2006. Interbasin flow revisited: the contribution of local recharge to high-discharge springs, Death Valley, California. Journal of Hydrology 323, 276–302] as the source of the Furnace Creek springs. We find that there is insufficient modern recharge and insufficient storage potential and permeability within the basin-fill units in the Furnace Creek basin for these to serve as a local aquifer. Further, the lack of high sulfate content in the spring waters argues against significant flow through basin-fill sediments and instead suggests flow through underlying consolidated carbonate rocks. The maximum temperature of the spring discharge appears to require deep circulation through consolidated rocks; the Tertiary basin fill is of insufficient thickness to generate such temperatures as a result of local fluid circulation. Finally, the stable isotope data and chemical mass balance modeling actually support the interbasin flow conceptual model rather than the alternative presented in Nelson et al. [Nelson, S.T., Anderson, K., Mayo, A.L., 2004. Testing the interbasin flow hypothesis at Death Valley, California. EOS 85, 349] and Anderson et al. [Anderson, K., Nelson, S., Mayo, A., Tingey, D., 2006. Interbasin flow revisited: the contribution of local recharge to high-discharge springs, Death Valley, California. Journal of Hydrology 323, 276– 302]. In light of these inconsistencies, interbasin flow is the only readily apparent explanation for the large spring discharges at Furnace Creek and, in our view, is the likely explanation for most large volume, low elevation springs in the Great Basin. An understanding of hydrogeologic processes that control the rate and direction of ground-water flow in eastern and central Nevada is necessary component of regional water-resource planning and management of alluvial and bedrock aquifers.

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Interpretation of Hydrostratigraphy and Water Quality from AEM Data Collected in the Northern Salinas Valley, CA

Marina Coast Water District | March 15th, 2018

Summary

Groundwater management, in the Monterey area of California, requires an accurate understanding of the hydrostratigraphy of the coastal aquifer system, as well as an unde

Groundwater management, in the Monterey area of California, requires an accurate understanding of the hydrostratigraphy of the coastal aquifer system, as well as an understanding of the groundwater quality variability within that system. The hydraulic properties of, and connectivity between, the individual units in the aquifer system determine potential routes for the movement of groundwater within and between aquifers. An understanding of the distribution of water quality within the aquifer system and an understanding of the hydrostratigraphy of the system are needed to evaluate the current state of groundwater resources, and to assess the potential impact of any proposed activity on the groundwater resources in the area. The focus of this study is the Northern Salinas Valley. Figure 1 shows the specific region of interest outlined in pink. The orange contour shows the extent of saltwater intrusion into the uppermost aquifers in this area, as determined from well data by the Monterey County Water Resources Agency as the regions where groundwater contains concentrations of chloride greater than 500 mg/L. But there is some question as to whether this contour accurately captures the extent of saltwater intrusion into these aquifers. The detection of water with anomalously low concentrations of total dissolved solids in five newly constructed monitoring well clusters suggests the presence of isolated lenses of fresher groundwater in the Dune Sand Aquifer and Perched Dune Sand Aquifer (outlined in light blue) and in the 180-Foot Aquifer (outlined in dark blue) (Hopkins Groundwater Consultants, 2016). The locations of seven wells from the Monterey Peninsula Water Supply Project (MPWSP) are also shown in Figure 1 as red diamonds, and wells owned by the Marina Coast Water District (MCWD) are shown as green circles. The two groundwater subbasins in the region of interest—the Monterey Subbasin and the 180/400 Aquifer Subbasin—are outlined in purple and blue, respectively. The objective of this study was to use the geophysical method, airborne electromagnetics (AEM), to evaluate the current understanding of the hydrostratigraphy in this area and to interpret the distribution of groundwater quality indicated by available well data. To evaluate the understanding of the hydrostratigraphy, a hydrostratigraphic model of the region of interest was first built using existing data, and was then updated with the information supplied by the AEM data. This approach was followed for two separate initial models. The first initial model was based on the North Marina Groundwater Model (NMGWM), developed by Geoscience Support Services as part of the MPWSP. The second initial model was built in-house using lithology data and hydrostratigraphic interpretations from a variety of previously published reports. Our interpretation of the distribution of groundwater quality in the region is based on statistical relationships built between water quality samples and borehole geophysical data collected in the wells shown in Figure 1.

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Inorganic, isotopic, and organic composition of high-chloride water from wells in a coastal southern California aquifer

Installation of Bioretention Rain Gardens to Achieve Pollutant Reduction

Institutions and the Economic Efficiency of Managed Aquifer Recharge as a Mitigation Strategy Against Drought Impacts on Irrigated Agriculture in California

Integrated Coastal Groundwater Monitoring Program and Plan

Integrated Hydrologic Model of Pajaro Valley, Santa Cruz and Monterey Counties, California

Integrated simulation of consumptive use and land subsidence in the Central Valley, California, for the past and for a future subject to urbanization and climate change

Integrated Surface and Groundwater Modeling of Martis Valley, California, for Assessment of Potential Climate Change Impacts on Basin-Scale Water Resources

Integrating Storage in California’s Changing Water System

Interbasin flow in the Great Basin with special reference to the southern Funeral Mountains and the source of Furnace Creek springs, Death Valley, California, U.S.

Interpretation of Hydrostratigraphy and Water Quality from AEM Data Collected in the Northern Salinas Valley, CA

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