Primary Production in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta: A Science Strategy to Quantify Change and Identify Future Potential

San Francisco Estuary Institute (SFEI) | May 20th, 2019

Today’s Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is an unusually low-productivity estuary. The constraints on primary production and the relative importance of different production

Today’s Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta is an unusually low-productivity estuary. The constraints on primary production and the relative importance of different production sources to the food web are major ecological uncertainties in the Delta system. Understanding how the extensive historical changes in the Delta landscape have altered primary production has the potential to inform restoration planning and management across the region.  The Delta Landscapes Project (SFEI-ASC 2014) has recently produced information that allows us, for the first time, to answer questions about historical primary production and carrying capacity from quantified changes in the areal extent and spatial configuration of habitat types in the Delta since the mid-19th century. Our focus is on estimating primary production because the potential capacity of ecosystems to support fish, bird and other wildlife populations is set by primary production – the supply of food required to produce animal biomass. 

Priorities for California’s Water: Advancing Research During Uncertain Times

Public Policy Institute of California (PPIC) | November 12th, 2025

In California, research underpins all water-related activity. It is vital for coping with too much water, too little water, and rapid changes in hydrology. Whether you ar

In California, research underpins all water-related activity. It is vital for coping with too much water, too little water, and rapid changes in hydrology. Whether you are a farmer managing the precise application of water to your crops, a utility providing clean drinking water supplies to your community, or a restorationist trying to heal a damaged wetland, your actions rely upon decades of applied research that guides your actions and measures your success.  The same reliance on research applies if you are developing policies to reduce the price of water, increase its reliability, regulate its usage, and reduce hazards from floods. None of this works without a vast research enterprise that is regularly updating the science and technology we use to manage water, prepare for the future, inform the public, and address new problems as they arise. 

Quality Assurance Program Plan for The Regional Monitoring Program for Water Quality in San Francisco Bay

San Francisco Estuary Institute (SFEI) | June 23rd, 2017

The Regional Monitoring Program for Water Quality in San Francisco Bay (RMP) is managed and operated by the San Francisco Estuary Institute (SFEI). SFEI was founded as a

The Regional Monitoring Program for Water Quality in San Francisco Bay (RMP) is managed and operated by the San Francisco Estuary Institute (SFEI). SFEI was founded as a non-profit organization in 1986 to foster the development of the scientific understanding needed to protect and enhance the San Francisco Estuary.

Recent Scientific Contributions by the U.S. Geological Survey in the San Francisco Bay and Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta Estuary

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) | January 26th, 2026

Recommendations for a Modeling Framework to Answer Nutrient Management Questions in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta

San Francisco Estuary Institute (SFEI) | March 1st, 2016

Management actions in the Delta related to nutrients could cost billions of dollars to implement in the coming decades depending on decisions that will come before the Ce

Management actions in the Delta related to nutrients could cost billions of dollars to implement in the coming decades depending on decisions that will come before the Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board (Water Board). The complexity of the Delta ecosystem and the range of questions to be addressed demand that numerical, processed-based water quality modeling be part of Delta management efforts. In light of this fact, the Water Board convened the Modeling Science Workgroup in 2015, and tasked it with advising on the development and use of water quality models as one component of the Water Board’s Nutrient Research Plan. The Charge to the Modeling Science Workgroup (included in Appendix B) was to provide advice to the Water Board on:  · The types of models would be needed to answer the nutrient management questions raised by stakeholders,  · Organizational arrangements to support and maximize the benefits of models, and  · Cost estimates for the modeling task and how such work might be phased over time. 

Regional Monitoring Program for Water Quality in San Francisco Bay Monitoring Design for the Status and Trends Monitoring Program (2014-2027)

San Francisco Estuary Institute (SFEI) | July 1st, 2018

Regional monitoring programs in the United States: Synthesis of four case studies from Pacific, Atlantic, and Gulf Coasts

Regional Studies in Marine Science (Elsevier) | November 17th, 2015

Water quality monitoring is a cornerstone of environmental protection and ambient monitoring provides managers with the critical data they need to take informed action. U

Water quality monitoring is a cornerstone of environmental protection and ambient monitoring provides managers with the critical data they need to take informed action. Unlike site-specific monitoring that is at the heart of regulatory permit compliance, regional monitoring can provide an integrated, holistic view of the environment, allowing managers to obtain a more complete picture of natural variability and cumulative impacts, and more effectively prioritize management actions. By reviewing four long-standing regional monitoring programs that cover portions of all three coasts in the United States–Chesapeake Bay, Tampa Bay, Southern California Bight, and San Francisco Bay–important insights can be gleaned about the benefits that regional monitoring provides to managers. These insights include the underlying reasons that make regional monitoring programs successful, the challenges to maintain relevance and viability in the face of ever-changing technology, competing demands and shifting management priorities. The lessons learned can help other managers achieve similar successes as they seek to establish and reinvigorate their own monitoring programs.

Restoring Habitat with Science and Society in Mind

Delta Stewardship Council (Delta Council) | April 8th, 2014

This Issue Paper, authored by Jessica Davenport, the Council's Program Manager for Ecosystem Restoration and Land Use, is entitled Restoring Habitat with Science and Soci

This Issue Paper, authored by Jessica Davenport, the Council's Program Manager for Ecosystem Restoration and Land Use, is entitled Restoring Habitat with Science and Society in Mind.  The purpose of the 22-page paper is to survey restoration activities in the Delta; describe the needs, progress and opportunities related to restoration; and propose key areas of focus for the Delta Stewardship Council and other agencies to advance habitat restoration. Some of the areas of focus for Council staff for the next two years include: Continue to provide early consultation on habitat restoration projects that are Covered Actions under the Delta Plan in order to advise project proponents on using best available science and adaptive management and avoiding or reducing conflicts with existing uses, where feasible. Report on habitat performance measures by December 2014 and again in December 2015. Work with others to complete at least one of the landscape-scale conceptual models and associated landscape habitat metrics for the priority habitat restoration areas. Enagage Delta Plan Interagency Implementation Committee members in discussions of challenges and potential solutions related to land acquistion and permit coordination.

Restoring the Heart of a Healthy Estuary: A Review of Restoration in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta and Suisun Marsh

Publisher not available | December 19th, 2025

The restoration of native species-dominated ecosystems is critical for improving ecosystem health and meeting policy goals in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta and Suisu

The restoration of native species-dominated ecosystems is critical for improving ecosystem health and meeting policy goals in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta and Suisun Marsh (upper San Francisco Estuary, collectively), one of the largest estuarine systems in North America. To accomplish large-scale restoration in this heavily altered system, a variety of projects, programs, and motivations inform restoration planning and implementation. Chapter 4 of the Delta Plan synthesizes restoration goals across these efforts to produce comprehensive ecosystem restoration targets of between 60,000 and 80,000 acres across seven ecosystem types by 2050, but a comprehensive review of restoration progress and planning to date is needed. To fill this gap, this paper analyzes the current state of ecosystem restoration in the upper San Francisco Estuary in the context of the Delta Plan targets. We review current scientific and management literature and implementation approaches, and synthesize acreage totals across completed, in-progress, and planned projects for four ecosystem types where substantial development of restoration in the system has occurred: tidal wetland, non-tidal wetland, riparian, and floodplain. We find that tidal wetland restoration has progressed more rapidly than other ecosystem types, motivated by mitigation requirements related to the federal Endangered Species Act. Across all ecosystem types, we identify both promising progress and clear needs for accelerated planning and implementation of restoration projects to meet Delta Plan 2050 targets, and discuss ongoing needs related to science, funding, and implementation.

Review of North Delta Salmon Out-Migration Study

CALFED | January 23rd, 2008

This document is a review of the North Delta Salmon Out-Migration Study (NDSOS) proposed to the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) by a group of PIs l

This document is a review of the North Delta Salmon Out-Migration Study (NDSOS) proposed to the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) by a group of PIs lead by Jon Burau of the USGS. To carry out this review, the CALFED Science program, acting at the request of DWR and the PIs, convened a panel that was given a substantial written proposal describing the study. In addition to the written proposal, the PIs gave a series of presentations to a majority of the panel members at a public workshop held on January 10, 2008. The presentations provided many details about the proposed study that were not included in the written proposal. The panel was charged by CALFED to: “.... make recommendations concerning, and oversee incorporation of modifications to, the proposed study to ensure that, when funded, executed, and analyzed, the proposed investigation will provide the best-available science when characterizing the hydrodynamics and movement of out-migrating salmon smolts in the north Delta region in response to several alternate regional configurations.” This report is the panel’s response to that charge. In the sections that follow, we start by describing those aspects of the proposal that the panel found would work well or were strong positives. We follow this with a critique of perceived shortcomings of the proposal and a set of recommendations for possible changes to the proposed work that would improve the proposed study. These recommendations were based on the information in the written proposal provided to the panel and on the presentations made at the public workshop.