Tulare Lake

Tehachapi-Cummings County Water District (TCCWD) v. Armstrong et al

Superior Court of California, County of Kern | February 25th, 1972

From An Evaluation of California’s Adjudicated Groundwater Basins by Langridge et al, UC Davis (2016): "Tehachapi Basin (1, 2) , Cummings Basin, and Brite Basin are

From An Evaluation of California’s Adjudicated Groundwater Basins by Langridge et al, UC Davis (2016): "Tehachapi Basin (1, 2) , Cummings Basin, and Brite Basin are three small groundwater basins in Kern County. Although the basins were adjudicated separately, a single entity, The Tehachapi-Cummings County Water District (TCCWD) serves as Watermaster over the three distinct groundwater basins. An interesting finding is that the Cummings adjudication was never completed. Because of this, its users rely on overlying rights with voluntary agreements, and there is no regulated curtailment of withdrawals. There are only a few big users so it is able to track its water use with relative accuracy, but the basin has significant overdraft. Two of its major users (Stallion Springs and Bear Valley) pump water from the basin that is delivered to offsite users, and they offset the export with imported water. Two-thirds of the residents within Cummings Basin are inmates at the California Correctional Institute."

Tehachapi-Cummings County Water District v. Austin et al

Superior Court of California, County of Kern | December 9th, 1970

Note from "An Evaluation of California’s Adjudicated Groundwater Basins" by Langridge et al: "Tehachapi Basin, Cummings Basin, and Brite Basin are three small ground

Note from "An Evaluation of California’s Adjudicated Groundwater Basins" by Langridge et al: "Tehachapi Basin, Cummings Basin, and Brite Basin are three small groundwater basins in Kern County. Although they were adjudicated as individual basins, the local Tehachapi-Cummings County Water District is the Watermaster for all three basins. Adjudication was deemed desirable so water users could tap into newly available imported water and also secure their water rights. To construct transmission facilities, a federal loan was needed, and adjudication was necessary to assure repayment."

Temporal and Spatial Patterns of Groundwater Recharge Across a Small Watershed in the California Sierra Nevada Mountains

Frontiers in Water (Frontiers) | May 17th, 2022

Mountain-block groundwater recharge is a crucial freshwater source in arid to semiarid watersheds worldwide; yet its quantification is difficult due to (1) hydrogeologica

Mountain-block groundwater recharge is a crucial freshwater source in arid to semiarid watersheds worldwide; yet its quantification is difficult due to (1) hydrogeological heterogeneities especially in bedrock-dominated regimes, (2) drastic altitudinal ranges in climate, land use and land cover, and (3) mixing with deep groundwater derived from adjacent basins (i.e., interbasin groundwater flow). In this study, we test the utility of soil water-balance (SWB) modeling to quantify mountain-block groundwater recharge in the South Fork Tule River watershed in the California Sierra Nevada Mountains. This 1,018 km2 watershed is instrumented with 3 USGS stream gages that allow for the development of a refined recharge (i.e., baseflow) calibration dataset via multi-objective optimization-based hydrograph separation. The SWB model was used to compute groundwater recharge and other water balance components at a daily time step using a 30-m grid cell size for a 40-year (1980–2019) study period. Mean annual recharge and runoff were estimated at 3.7 in/yr (3.0 m3/s) and 1.4 in/yr (1.2 m3/s), respectively, with modified Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency indices of 0.61 between baseflow and SWB-derived recharge, and 0.90 between hydrograph separation- and SWB-derived runoff. There is a strong correlation between annual recharge and rainfall (Pearson R = 0.95, p < 0.001) which attests to short residence times in the unsaturated zone and the immediate impact of droughts in 1990, 1999, and 2013. However, results of a modified Mann-Kendall trend analysis indicate no directional trends in recharge or runoff throughout the study period. Parameter sensitivity analyses reveal a persistent overprediction of recharge over baseflow that is particularly pronounced in the upper reaches of the watershed. This is likely related to the SWB model only considering soil characteristics at the surface and not simulating the fate of potential recharge below the root zone where it may be impeded from reaching the aquifer by shallow, impermeable bedrock. This limitation should be considered carefully for future water supply projections in this and comparable bedrock-dominated settings.

Temporary Restraining Order in Kings County Farm Bureau et al v. California State Water Resources Control Board

Superior Court of California, County of Kings | July 11th, 2024

Ten Rivers in America's Future, No. 2. The Central Valley of California

U.S. Water Resources Policy Commission | July 1st, 1950

Tentative Ruling, Friant Water Authority vs. Eastern Tule Groundwater Sustainability Agency

Superior Court of California, County of Tulare | June 25th, 2024

The 1976–1977 California drought: A review

California Department of Water Resources (DWR) | May 1st, 1978

This is the fifth and final Department of Water Resources' report on the 1976-1977 California drought, the worst in the state's history, which saw 1076, the fourth driest

This is the fifth and final Department of Water Resources' report on the 1976-1977 California drought, the worst in the state's history, which saw 1076, the fourth driest year of record, give way to 1977, the driest ever. These reports provide the most comprehensive documentation of a drought in history.  

The 2025-26 Budget: Proposition 4 Spending Plan

Legislative Analyst's Office (LAO) | February 12th, 2025

The Agricultural Significance of Sunshine as Illustrated in California

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) | September 4th, 1919

The Basin Characterization Model—A Regional Water Balance Software Package

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) | March 22nd, 2021

This report documents the computer software package, Basin Characterization Model, version 8 (BCMv8)—a monthly, gridded, regional water-balance model—and provides det

This report documents the computer software package, Basin Characterization Model, version 8 (BCMv8)—a monthly, gridded, regional water-balance model—and provides detailed operational instructions and example applications. After several years of many applications and uses of a previous version, CA-BCM, published in 2014, the BCMv8 was refined to improve the accuracy of the water-balance components, particularly the recharge estimate, which is the most difficult to accurately assess. The improvement of the various water-balance components targeted the actual evapotranspiration component, which, in turn, reduced the uncertainty of the recharge estimate. The improvement of this component was enabled by the availability of a national, gridded actual-evapotranspiration product from the U.S. Geological Survey that was unique in its scope to combine remotely sensed spatial variability and ground-based long-term water-balance constraints. This dataset provided the ability to assess monthly actual evapotranspiration for 62 vegetation types and to perform regional calibration in watersheds throughout California with the objective of closing the water balance using improved estimates for each component. The refinements, including vegetation-specific evapotranspiration, enabled the development of applications that could explore various aspects of landscape disturbance, such as wildfire, forest management, or urbanization. The improvements to BCMv8 also provided the ability to assess long-term sustainability of water resources under a variety of management applications or future climate projections.