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PPIC Statewide Survey: Californians and the Environment

Public Policy Institute of California (PPIC) | July 28th, 2022

Summary

With California facing a severe drought and wildfire season, public awareness has risen of the impact of climate change as well as state policies to reduce greenhouse gas

With California facing a severe drought and wildfire season, public awareness has risen of the impact of climate change as well as state policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. A sharp increase in petroleum prices has led to discussions about expanding oil production and renewable energy sources. These are among the key findings of a statewide survey on environmental issues conducted by the Public Policy Institute of California from July 8 to 15, 2022.

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Proposed Drinking Water Cost Assessment Model Assumptions on Physical Consolidation

California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) | July 14th, 2023

Summary

The State Water Resources Control Board (State Water Board) is proposing an updated methodology for estimating potential modeled physical consolidation costs for Failing

The State Water Resources Control Board (State Water Board) is proposing an updated methodology for estimating potential modeled physical consolidation costs for Failing public water systems, At-Risk public water systems, state small water systems, and domestic wells. Non-consolidation options will be covered in detail in subsequent white papers.

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Quality of Groundwater Used for Domestic Supply in the Northern San Joaquin Valley, California

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) | July 28th, 2021

Summary

Groundwater provides more than 40 percent of California’s drinking water. To protect this vital resource, the State of California created the Groundwater Ambient Moni

Groundwater provides more than 40 percent of California’s drinking water. To protect this vital resource, the State of California created the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The Priority Basin Project (PBP) of the GAMA Program provides a comprehensive assessment of the State’s groundwater quality and provides increased public access to groundwater-quality information. Private domestic and small-system drinking-water wells in the Northern San Joaquin Valley (NSJV) were the target for this assessment. These wells tend to pump water from shallower parts of alluvial aquifers compared to deeper, long-screened public-supply wells in the region.

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Redefining expectations for urban water supply systems to fight wildfires

Springer Nature | March 5th, 2025

Summary

When considering massive new costs for urban water systems to fight wildfires, we also need to look hard at the distribution of benefits from these investments, and desig

When considering massive new costs for urban water systems to fight wildfires, we also need to look hard at the distribution of benefits from these investments, and design legal and fiscal cost recovery mechanisms that align with those benefits. In the service area for the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, greatly expanding capacity for water supply and fire-flow for the highest-elevation areas of the city would be delivering a benefit to communities that are much wealthier, on average, than the rest of the city. There is danger of placing a burden on less-resourced households to pay for the protection of well-resourced households, which would compound existing and profound environmental inequities in the city.

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Salton Sea Exceedances of California’s Air-Quality Standards Highlight Governance Gaps and Monitoring Needs

University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) | September 4th, 2025

Summary

The Salton Sea region is known for its poor air-quality, which is often linked to dust and contributes to alarmingly high rates of respiratory problems among residents. H

The Salton Sea region is known for its poor air-quality, which is often linked to dust and contributes to alarmingly high rates of respiratory problems among residents. However, air-quality issues extend beyond dust. Residents also face the distressing reality of frequent hydrogen sulfide (H2S) emissions. Depending on individual experiences, these emissions can range from uncomfortable to severely suffocating. To gauge the severity of these concerns, the Salton Sea Environmental Timeseries (SSET), a community-based research group, recently installed two hydrogen sulfide monitors in the area. Their data indicates that H₂S emissions consistently exceed the California Air Resources Board state standard of 30 parts per billion (ppb), with 243 hours above this threshold recorded between May and September 2024 alone. Existing government air-quality monitors, located north of the Salton Sea, primarily detect H₂S only when winds blow from the southeast, whereas SSET data show elevated emissions occur regardless of wind direction. This highlights a critical gap in the current government monitoring network, which fails to capture the full scope of H₂S pollution. As more data highlight connections between water and air-quality, it is crucial to monitor air-quality in all its aspects, not just those related to dust. The Salton Sea region has a predominantly low-income Latinx, immigrant, and Indigenous population across two California counties. The persistent issue of hydrogen sulfide pollution serves as a clear example of environmental injustice. For over two decades, the state and federal governments have been legally obligated to restore the Salton Sea—meeting that obligation today means pairing public health action with robust monitoring.

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Salton Sea Management Program and Community Needs

California Natural Resources Agency (CNRA) | January 31st, 2024

Summary

In the Southeastern corner of the state, straddling Imperial and Riverside counties, the Salton Sea (the Sea) is California’s largest inland lake and home to many Calif

In the Southeastern corner of the state, straddling Imperial and Riverside counties, the Salton Sea (the Sea) is California’s largest inland lake and home to many California Native American tribes and communities. Once a resort destination, the Sea has since become a growing environmental issue. The Sea has been shrinking, largely due to water transfers out of Imperial Valley that reduce inflows to the Sea. Drought and changes to Colorado River water availability exacerbate this trend. Although it continues to provide a vital stop along the Pacific Flyway for migratory birds, the water has become increasingly saline. As the Sea shrinks, it exposes the lakebed that has the potential to release dust, contributing to worsening air quality in a region already struggling with poor air quality from high wind events, idling vehicles, high off-road activity, commercial truck traffic, and agricultural burning. Compounding this, communities in the Eastern Coachella Valley and Imperial Valley have for decades also faced social and economic challenges. While these vibrant communities have rich cultural and natural resources, they suffer from decades of underinvestment. Residents have highlighted that local communities struggle with poor air quality, health issues, low broadband access, unreliable electricity, limited access to recreational opportunities, inadequate transportation systems, and underfunded public health infrastructure and services. These challenges make it difficult to overcome the growing environmental challenges related to the Sea.

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Sea level rise and flooding of hazardous sites in marginalized communities across the United States

Nature Portfolio (Springer Nature) | November 20th, 2025

Summary

Sea level rise (SLR) increases the risk of flooding at coastal sites that use and produce hazardous substances. We assess whether socially marginalized populations in the

Sea level rise (SLR) increases the risk of flooding at coastal sites that use and produce hazardous substances. We assess whether socially marginalized populations in the United States are more likely to be impacted by projected SLR-related flooding of hazardous sites that could result in contaminant releases. We identify 5500 facilities at risk of a 1-in-100-year flood event by 2100 under a scenario of continued high greenhouse gas emissions, including coastal power plants, sewage treatment facilities, fossil fuel infrastructure, industrial facilities, and formerly used defense sites. Seven states (Louisiana, Florida, New Jersey, Texas, California, New York, and Massachusetts) account for nearly 80% of projected at-risk facilities. Controlling for population density and county, a one standard deviation increase in the proportion of linguistically isolated households, neighborhood residents identifying as Hispanic, households with incomes below twice the federal poverty line, households without a vehicle, non-voters, and renters is associated with 19-41% higher likelihood of having a site at risk of SLR-related flooding within 1 kilometer (odds ratios [95% confidence intervals]: 1.19 [1.09, 1.31], 1.22 [1.08, 1.37], 1.27 [1.16, 1.39], 1.35 [1.21-1.51], 1.36 [1.21, 1.53], and 1.41 [1.32, 1.52], respectively). Results elucidate the need for disaster planning, land-use decision-making, as well as mitigation strategies that address the inequitable hazards and potential health threats posed by SLR.

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SGMA and Underrepresented Farmers

Clean Water Action | May 31st, 2022

Summary

Groundwater resources play a vital role in maintaining environmental sustainability in California. During a typical year, approximately 40 percent of the state’s total

Groundwater resources play a vital role in maintaining environmental sustainability in California. During a typical year, approximately 40 percent of the state’s total water supply comes from groundwater. During dry years, groundwater contributes 60 percent (or more) of the state’s total supply, and serves as a critical buffer against the impacts of drought and climate change. This paper responds to concerns expressed by groundwater sustainability advocates that underrepresented farmers have not been included in the development and implementation of Groundwater SustainabilityPlans (GSPs) under the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) of 2014. It contains results from the evaluation of 14 Groundwater Sustainability Plans (12 from the San Joaquin Valley and 2 from the Central Coast) with a focus on stakeholder engagement and projected impacts of groundwater decline on underrepresented farmers.

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Small Water Systems and Rural Communities Drought and Water Shortage Contingency Planning and Risk Assessment, Part 1

California Department of Water Resources (DWR) | March 25th, 2021

Summary

This report is submitted pursuant to California Water Code (CWC) Section 10609.42, which directs the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) to identify small wate

This report is submitted pursuant to California Water Code (CWC) Section 10609.42, which directs the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) to identify small water suppliers and rural communities that may be at risk of drought and water shortage vulnerability, and to propose recommendations and information in support of improving their drought preparedness. The report is published in two parts: Part 1 deals with drought and water shortage contingency planning recommendations, and Part 2 presents a methodology of drought and water shortage vulnerability assessment and risk scoring. Additionally, below are links for Part 1 appendices. Appendix 1: Literature Review Appendix 2: Proposed Water Shortage Contingency Plan Components for Small Water Systems Serving 1,000 to 2,999 Service Connections Appendix 3: Proposed Umbrella Water Shortage Contingency Plan Components Appendix 4: Indian Health Service Template for a Drought Contingency Plan for a Tribal Public Water System Appendix 5: County Drought Advisory Group General Funding and Financing Issues

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Small Water Systems and Rural Communities Drought and Water Shortage Contingency Planning and Risk Assessment, Part 2

California Department of Water Resources (DWR) | March 25th, 2021

Summary

This report is submitted pursuant to California Water Code (CWC) Section 10609.42 which directs California Department of Water Resources (DWR) to identify small water sup

This report is submitted pursuant to California Water Code (CWC) Section 10609.42 which directs California Department of Water Resources (DWR) to identify small water suppliers and rural communities that may be at risk of drought and water shortage vulnerability and propose recommendations and information in support of improving the drought preparedness of small water suppliers and rural communities. The report is published in two parts: Part 1 dealing with drought and water shortage contingency planning recommendations, and Part 2 presenting a methodology and results of drought and water shortage vulnerability assessment and risk scoring. Additionally, below are links for Part 2 appendices. Appendix 1: Drought and Water Shortage Risk Scoring: California’s Small Water Supplier and Self-Supplied Communities Appendix 2: Drought and Water Shortage Risk Scoring: Risk Score Results of Small Water Suppliers Appendix 3: Drought and Water Shortage Risk Scoring: Risk Score Results of Self-Supplied Communities

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Page : 7

Type

California Water Plan (1)
Case study (2)
Conference proceedings (3)
Essay (3)
Fact sheet (2)
Groundwater Sustainability Plan (GSP) review findings (2)
Guidance Document (1)
Issue Paper (3)
Journal Article (23)
Legislation (1)
Letter (1)
NGO Position Paper (1)
Policy Brief (1)
Report (47)
White Paper (1)

Topic

Agriculture (4)
Climate Change (16)
Drinking Water (46)
Drought & Hydrology (9)
Ecosystem & Species Management (4)
Ecosystem Restoration (1)
Environmental Justice (14)
Federal Water Quality (2)
Flood Management (7)
Geochemistry (3)
Geohydrology (4)
Groundwater (19)
History (1)
Human Right to Water (29)
Infrastructure (18)
Integrated Regional Water Management (1)
Landscape Reform (1)
Modeling (4)
Non Point Pollution Sources (1)
People & Water (23)
Planning & Management (27)
Policy (4)
Pollutants (7)
Sanitation (5)
State Water Quality (3)
Stormwater (6)
Transfers & Markets (2)
Tribal Water Issues (9)
Uncategorized (2)
Water & Energy (1)
Water Quality (27)
Water Quality Monitoring (2)
Water Rights, Water Law (3)
Water Supply (26)
Water Use & Efficiency (6)

Keywords

agricultural drainage (2)
agriculture (2)
California Water Plan (1)
Central Valley (15)
climate change (15)
Colorado River (2)
disadvantaged communities (DACs) (90)
drinking water (42)
drought (13)
economic analysis (9)
ecosystem management (2)
ecosystem restoration (2)
environmental justice (17)
flood management (7)
floodplain restoration (1)
fugitive dust (4)
funding (2)
Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program (1)
groundwater contamination (3)
Groundwater Exchange (9)
groundwater pumping impacts (8)
groundwater recharge (5)
Groundwater Sustainability Plan (GSP) (5)
human right to water (16)
infrastructure (12)
Integrated Regional Water Management (1)
land use (4)
modeling (4)
nitrates (5)
outreach and engagement (4)
planning and management (13)
pollutants (3)
recycled water (2)
risk assessment (8)
Salton Sea (2)
sanitation (2)
sea level rise (1)
stormwater (4)
subsidence (2)
Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) (10)
Trading - See Water Markets (1)
tribal water issues (6)
urban water conservation (5)
wastewater (4)
water and energy (1)
water markets (2)
water pricing (3)
water quality (21)
water rights (1)
water supply (10)
water supply forecasting (1)
water use efficiency (3)
wildfire (2)

Publisher

American Geophysical Union (AGU) (1)
California Department of Water Resources (DWR) (8)
California Energy Commission (CEC) (1)
California Law Review (1)
California Natural Resources Agency (CNRA) (1)
California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) (8)
Center for Law, Energy, and the Environment (CLEE) (1)
Clean Water Action (1)
Environmental Challenges (Elsevier) (1)
Environmental Integrity Project (1)
Groundwater Leadership Forum (1)
Groundwater Leadership Forum (GLF) (1)
Journal of Environmental Planning and Management (Taylor & Francis) (1)
Lahontan Regional Water Quality Control Board (LRWQCB) (1)
Local Environment (Taylor & Francis) (1)
Los Angeles Waterkeeper (LA Waterkeeper) (1)
National Academy of Sciences (NAS) (1)
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (1)
National Institutes of Health (NIH) (1)
Nature Portfolio (Springer Nature) (9)
Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment (OEHHA) (1)
Pacific Institute (19)
Public Policy Institute of California (PPIC) (1)
Restore the Delta (1)
Science of the Total Environment (Elsevier) (4)
Society and Natural Resources (Routledge) (1)
Springer Nature (2)
State of California (2)
U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) (1)
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) (1)
United States Congress (1)
University of California, Davis (UC Davis) (2)
University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) (4)
University of California, Merced (1)
University of Southern California (USC) (1)
Utilities Policy (Elsevier) (1)
Water Foundation (1)
Western Political Science Association (2)

Basin

Chocolate Valley 7-032 (2)
Coachella Valley - Desert Hot Springs 7-021.03 (2)
Coachella Valley - Indio 7-021.01 (2)
Coachella Valley - Mission Creek 7-021.02 (2)
Coachella Valley - San Gorgonio Pass 7-021.04 (2)
Coastal Plain of Los Angeles - Central 4-011.04 (1)
Coastal Plain of Los Angeles - West Coast 4-011.03 (1)
Coyote Wells Valley 7-029 (2)
East Salton Sea 7-033 (3)
Imperial Valley 7-030 (2)
Orocopia Valley - 7-031 (2)
San Fernando Valley 4-012 (1)
San Gabriel Valley 4-013 (1)
San Joaquin Valley - Chowchilla 5-022.05 (2)
San Joaquin Valley - Delta-Mendota 5-022.07 (1)
San Joaquin Valley - Eastern San Joaquin 5-022.01 (2)
San Joaquin Valley - Kaweah 5-022.11 (2)
San Joaquin Valley - Kern 5-022.14 (2)
San Joaquin Valley - Kings 5-022.08 (2)
San Joaquin Valley - Madera 5-022.06 (2)
San Joaquin Valley - Merced 5-022.04 (2)
San Joaquin Valley - Modesto 5-022.02 (1)
San Joaquin Valley - Tulare Lake 5-022.12 (2)
San Joaquin Valley - Tule 5-022.13 (1)
San Joaquin Valley - Turlock 5-022.03 (1)
West Salton Sea (3)

Hydrological Region

Central Coast (21)
Colorado River (23)
Lower Basin States and Mexico - Colorado River (8)
National (19)
North Coast (17)
North Lahontan (18)
Sacramento River (25)
San Francisco Bay (20)
San Joaquin River (30)
South Coast (26)
South Lahontan (16)
Tulare Lake (29)
Upper Basin States - Colorado River (2)

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