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Re-Oaking Silicon Valley: Building Vibrant Cities with Nature

San Francisco Estuary Institute (SFEI) | August 1st, 2017

Summary

In this report, we investigate how integrating components of oak woodlands into developed landscapes — “re-oaking” — can provide an array of valuable functions fo

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Recent amplification of the North American winter temperature dipole

American Geophysical Union (AGU) | September 1st, 2016

Summary

During the winters of 2013–2014 and 2014–2015, anomalously warm temperatures in western North America and anomalously cool temperatures in eastern North America resu

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Recent and Forecasted Increases in Coccidioidomycosis Incidence Linked to Hydroclimatic Swings, California, USA

U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) | March 4th, 2025

Summary

Incidence of coccidioidomycosis, an emerging infectious disease caused by Coccidioides spp. fungi, has increased dramatically since 2000. In 2023, California, USA, report

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Recent decreases in snow water storage in western North America

Nature Portfolio (Springer Nature) | May 22nd, 2023

Summary

Mountain snowpacks act as natural water towers, storing winter precipitation until summer months when downstream water demand is greatest. We introduce a Snow Storage Ind

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Recent global decline in endorheic basin water storages

Nature Portfolio (Springer Nature) | November 30th, 2018

Summary

Endorheic (hydrologically landlocked) basins spatially concur with arid/semi-arid climates. Given limited precipitation but high potential evaporation, their water storag

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Recent global temperature surge intensified by record-low planetary albedo

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) | December 5th, 2024

Summary

In 2023, the global mean temperature soared to almost 1.5 kelvin above the preindustrial level, surpassing the previous record by about 0.17 kelvin. Previous best-guess e

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Recent warming of landfalling atmospheric rivers along the west coast of the United States

American Geophysical Union (AGU) | May 30th, 2019

Summary

Abstract: Atmospheric rivers (ARs) often generate extreme precipitation, with AR temperature strongly influencing hydrologic impacts by altering the timing and magni

Abstract: Atmospheric rivers (ARs) often generate extreme precipitation, with AR temperature strongly influencing hydrologic impacts by altering the timing and magnitude of runoff. Long‐term changes in AR temperatures therefore have important implications for regional hydroclimate—especially in locations where a shift to more rain‐dominated AR precipitation could affect flood risk and/or water storage in snowpack. In this study, we provide the first climatology of AR temperature across five US West Coast sub‐regions. We then assess trends in landfalling AR temperatures for each sub‐region from 1980 to 2016 using three reanalysis products. We find AR warming at seasonal and monthly scales. Cool‐season warming ranges from 0.69°C to 1.65°C over the study period. We detect monthly‐scale warming of >2°C, with the most widespread warming occurring in November and March. To understand the causes of AR warming, we quantify the density of AR tracks from genesis to landfall, and analyze along‐track AR temperature for each month and landfall region. We investigate three possible influences on AR temperature trends at landfall: along‐track temperatures prior to landfall, background temperatures over the landfall region, and AR temperature over the coastal ocean adjacent to the region of landfall. Generally, AR temperatures at landfall more closely match coastal and background temperature trends than along‐track AR temperature trends. The seasonal asymmetry of the AR warming and the heterogeneity of influences have important implications for regional water storage and flood risk—demonstrating that changes in AR characteristics are complex, and may not be directly inferred from changes in the background climate. Plain Language Summary: Atmospheric river (AR) storms are well known for their ability to accumulate snowpack, provide drought relief, and generate extreme precipitation and flooding along the West Coast of the United States. AR temperature is an important variable for determining the water resource impacts of a given event, such as the ratio of rain to snow delivered by an individual storm. As a result, changes in AR temperature have implications for both water storage and flood risk. We find substantial warming in ARs at both the seasonal and monthly scales, as well as seasonal and regional variations in the amount of warming along the US West Coast. To understand the warming of ARs at the landfall regions, we compare these monthly temperature trends with trends in temperature along the AR tracks, background temperature over the landfall region, and temperature over the coastal ocean adjacent to the landfall region. The most robust warming occurs in November and March, which has important implications for increased regional flood risk and decreased water storage, and motivates further investigation in other AR‐prone regions around the globe.

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Reconstructing the Mediaeval low stands of Mono Lake, Sierra Nevada, California, USA

Holocene (Sage Journals) | December 1st, 2019

Summary

Palaeosimulations of Mono Lake covering the past 2 kyr have been conducted using a water balance model forced with tree-ring derived inflow estimates. The results show tw

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Record-Setting Ocean Warmth Continued in 2019

Advances in Atmospheric Sciences (Springer) | February 1st, 2020

Summary

Human-emitted greenhouse gases (GHGs) have resulted in a long-term and unequivocal warming of the planet (IPCC, 2019). More than 90% of the excess heat is stored within

Human-emitted greenhouse gases (GHGs) have resulted in a long-term and unequivocal warming of the planet (IPCC, 2019). More than 90% of the excess heat is stored within the world’s oceans, where it accumulates and causes increases in ocean temperature (Rhein et al., 2013; Abram et al., 2019). Because the oceans are the main repository of the Earth’s energy imbalance, measuring ocean heat content (OHC) is one of the best ways to quantify the rate of global warming (Trenberth et al., 2016; Von Schuckmann et al., 2016; Cheng et al., 2018). Following reports released in the previous two years (Cheng and Zhu, 2018; Cheng et al., 2019c), this article presents new OHC data for the year 2019. These data reveal that the world’s oceans (especially the upper 2000 m) in 2019 were the warmest in recorded human history. Specifically, the ocean heat anomaly (0−2000 m) in 2019 was 228 Zetta Joules (ZJ, 1 ZJ=1021 Joules) above the 1981−2010 average and 25 ZJ above 2018 (Table 1). The OHC values (for the upper 2000 m) were obtained from the Institute of Atmospheric Physics (IAP) ocean analysis (see “Data and methods” section, below), which uses a relatively new method to treat data sparseness and updates in the instruments that have been used to measure ocean temperature (Cheng et al., 2017). The evolution of OHC (Fig. 1) shows that the upper 2000 m OHC in 2019 was 228 ± 9 ZJ above the 1981–2010 average. The record-setting ocean warmth is also found in National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Center for Environmental Information (NOAA/NCEI) data, showing 217± 4 ZJ in 2019 above the 1981−2010 average (21 ZJ above 2018) (Table 1) (updated from Levitus et al. 2012). With these newly available IAP data, a ranking of the warmest years since the 1950s is now possible (Table 1). The past five years are the top five warmest years in the ocean historically with modern instruments, and the past ten years are also the top ten years on record. The same ranking also applies to NOAA/NCEI data (Table 1).

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Reduced resilience as an early warning signal of forest mortality

Nature Portfolio (Springer Nature) | October 7th, 2019

Summary

Climate-induced forest mortality is being widely observed across the globe. Predicting forest mortality remains challenging because the physiological mechanisms c

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Page : 59

Re-Oaking Silicon Valley: Building Vibrant Cities with Nature

Recent amplification of the North American winter temperature dipole

Recent and Forecasted Increases in Coccidioidomycosis Incidence Linked to Hydroclimatic Swings, California, USA

Recent decreases in snow water storage in western North America

Recent global decline in endorheic basin water storages

Recent global temperature surge intensified by record-low planetary albedo

Recent warming of landfalling atmospheric rivers along the west coast of the United States

Reconstructing the Mediaeval low stands of Mono Lake, Sierra Nevada, California, USA

Record-Setting Ocean Warmth Continued in 2019

Reduced resilience as an early warning signal of forest mortality

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