Applying the connectivity approach: Water and food supply projects in California that connect, link, and engage

California Roundtable on Water and Food Supply (CRWFS) | April 11th, 2014

In delving into the connectivity concept and approach, members of the California Roundtable on Water and Food Supply (CRWFS) felt that it was very important to look to ex

In delving into the connectivity concept and approach, members of the California Roundtable on Water and Food Supply (CRWFS) felt that it was very important to look to existing and emerging projects that were already embracing the concepts being discussed. Projects were selected to highlight the three high priority areas for effecting change: connected thinking, institutional linkages, and public engagement. The five examples included in this booklet as case assessments illustrate several ways the connectivity approach is currently being applied throughout California. The assessments are intended to generate ideas for applying the guiding principles of the connectivity approach and the positive impacts that emerge from them. The assessments are not meant to serve as an evaluation of the merit of the projects. This booklet is intended to accompany From Crisis to Connectivity: Renewed Thinking About Managing California’s Water and Food Supply, which more fully describes the connectivity approach illustrated here.

Applying the Public Trust Doctrine to River Protection

California Department of Water Resources (DWR) | June 9th, 2004

The public trust is an ancient doctrine, stemming from Roman law. The Institutes of Justinian state that “by natural law, these things are common property of all: air,

The public trust is an ancient doctrine, stemming from Roman law. The Institutes of Justinian state that “by natural law, these things are common property of all: air, running water, the sea, and with it the shores of the sea.” In medieval England this notion was picked up and turned into a declaration that the shores of the sea are common to all and inalienable. The concept was adopted in the United States. As early as 1821, a New Jersey court held that the state could not convey into private ownership the public lands covered by tidal waters, and that any grant purporting to do so was void. These waters are vested in the sovereign state, the court held, not for its own use, but for the use of its citizens for “passing and repassing, navigation, fishing, fowling, sustenance, and all the other uses of the water and its products...” Arnold v. Mundy, 6 N.J.L. 1 (1821). Although the legislature may build dams, locks and bridges in the general interest of improving navigation, the court stated, “they may not consistently with the principles of the law of nature and the constitution of a well-ordered society, make a direct and absolute grant of the waters of the state, divesting all the citizens of their common right.” That, said the Chief Justice, would be a grievance “which never could be long borne by a free people.” Id at 78. The public trust, like the ten commandments, has traditionally been phrased in terms of prohibition: “Thou shalt not abdicate the State’s control over its navigable waters.” More recently, however, this hoary common law creature, with roots in the civil laws of the Roman emperors, the English monarchs and the Spanish kings, has emerged from its long submerged home to impose new protections for the environment and new duties on governmental agencies.

Appraisal of the water resources of Death Valley, California–Nevada

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) | December 1st, 1977

Approaches for groundwater management in times of depletion and regulatory change

University of California, Davis (UC Davis) | June 1st, 2018

New legislation and related regulations in California mandate groundwater management to avoid undesirable results from excessive groundwater pumping and other hum

New legislation and related regulations in California mandate groundwater management to avoid undesirable results from excessive groundwater pumping and other human activities. Required aspects of management planning that will occur in well over 100 alluvial groundwater sub-basins across the state include scientific foundation and public transparency. While the details of individual groundwater management approaches will be particular to conditions in each management area, there will be common elements based on similar aspects of many groundwater systems in the state. The process of beginning to implement groundwater management for a large part of the state poses challenges. Use of scientific knowledge and methods of analysis developed in academia and industry will be helpful to the overall effort. This dissertation considers aspects of groundwater management that are expected to be common among many planning efforts. Inactive water supply wells acting as conduits for contaminant migration is considered through field examples and use of recently available databases regarding existing well constructions and water quality. Nonpoint source pollution effects on groundwater quality from conduit wells are investigated and selective regulatory action is explored as an option for addressing an issue that is too large for complete solution with available resources. Options for managed aquifer recharge are explored for a combined urban-agricultural area through use of a recently released land use database. A hydro-economic analysis is performed using linear programming to evaluate the efficacy of an on-farm recharge approach. Future work may include development of additional insights within the context of the study areas presented as well as extensions that consider new geographic areas and additional related considerations.

Approaches to Planning Water Resources

University of California, Davis (UC Davis) | July 15th, 2008

This paper attempts to summarize and organize various technical  approaches often seen or discussed for water resources planning. The basic approach to rational planning

This paper attempts to summarize and organize various technical  approaches often seen or discussed for water resources planning. The basic approach to rational planning is presented, followed by brief reviews of Requirements-based, Benefit-Cost-based, Multi-objective, Conflict Resolution, Market-based, and Muddling Through approaches to planning. Each approach has particular advantages and disadvantages for specific situations. Each approach also tends to have somewhat different analytical requirements. These approaches are discussed in terms of practical contributions to solving long-term water problems in contemporary contexts.

Appropriative Water Rights in California: Background and Issues

California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) | May 1st, 1977

This paper is part of a series of background and issue papers prepared by the staff of the Governor's Commission to Review California Water Rights Law. TABLE OF CONTEN

This paper is part of a series of background and issue papers prepared by the staff of the Governor's Commission to Review California Water Rights Law. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. Introduction II. Historical Background of Appropriative Rights III.  The Mechanics of Prior Appropriation IV.  Statements of Water Diversion and Use V.  Disputes Over Rights to Water VI.  Enforcement VII.  Loss of Appropriative Rights VIII.  Criticisms of Prior Appropriation Doctrine IX.  Water Use Planning and Allocation Issues  

Approved Determination of the Revised Groundwater Sustainability Plan Submitted for the San Joaquin Valley – Merced Subbasin

California Department of Water Resources (DWR) | August 4th, 2023

Aquatic Ecosystem Stressors in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta

Public Policy Institute of California (PPIC) | May 5th, 2012

This report presents results from an analysis of the institutional and legal options for more effective ecosystem management in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. It is pa

This report presents results from an analysis of the institutional and legal options for more effective ecosystem management in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta. It is part of a wide-ranging study on the management of multiple ecosystem stressors in the Delta. .

Aquatic Life Study Final Report

San Joaquin Valley Drainage Authority | January 6th, 2016

Central Valley Salinity Alternatives for Long Term Sustainability (CV‐SALTS) is developing a comprehensive regulatory and programmatic approach to the management of sa

Central Valley Salinity Alternatives for Long Term Sustainability (CV‐SALTS) is developing a comprehensive regulatory and programmatic approach to the management of salt and nitrate in the Central Valley that is consistent with the State Recycled Water Policy (SRWP). This work is being carried out collaboratively with the Central Valley Regional Water Quality Control Board (Central Valley Water Board), the State Water Resources Control Board (State Water Board), the Central Valley Salinity Coalition and Stakeholders. As stated in the CV‐SALTS Strategy and Framework document, the strategy to fulfill the requirements of the SRWP is to adopt a Central Valley Salt and Nitrate Management Plan (SNMP) and revise the Basin Plans applicable to the Central Valley to facilitate implementation of the SNMP. This effort includes a technical review of the state of science with regards to the establishment of appropriate water quality objectives (WQO) to protect surface water beneficial uses. This Aquatic Life Study was undertaken to evaluate the technical basis for the establishment of salinity‐related WQOs to protect aquatic life in the Central Valley. The findings of this analysis will be considered by CV‐SALTS during development and adoption of the SNMP.

Aquifer depletion exacerbates agricultural drought losses in the US High Plains

Nature Portfolio (Springer Nature) | January 15th, 2024

Aquifer depletion poses a major threat to the ability of farmers, food supply chains and rural economies globally to use groundwater as a means of adapting to climate var

Aquifer depletion poses a major threat to the ability of farmers, food supply chains and rural economies globally to use groundwater as a means of adapting to climate variability and change. Empirical research has demonstrated the large differences in drought risk exposure that exist between rainfed and irrigated croplands, but previous work commonly assumes water supply for the latter is unconstrained. Here we evaluate how aquifer depletion affects the resilience of irrigated crop production to drought risk using over 30 years of data on historical corn and soybean yields, production areas and aquifer conditions for the High Plains region in the United States. We show that aquifer depletion reduces the ability of farmers to sustain irrigated crop yields and production areas in years and locations with large growing-season water deficits. Our findings demonstrate that drought-related production losses on irrigated croplands increase non-linearly with aquifer depletion, highlighting the need for proactive aquifer conservation interventions to support adaptation and resilience to future increases in rainfall variability under climate change.