Our Changing Planet: The U.S. Global Change Research Program for Fiscal Year 2025

U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP) | January 3rd, 2025

This Fiscal Year 2025 edition of USGCRP’s annual report to Congress highlights advancements in science and information delivery that show how the Program is meeting nat

This Fiscal Year 2025 edition of USGCRP’s annual report to Congress highlights advancements in science and information delivery that show how the Program is meeting national needs. The Five-Year Progress section provides a longer-term look at USGCRP work on three selected topics: understanding the changing water cycle; responding to needs for climate information; and advancing diversity, equity, inclusion, justice, and accessibility across global change research efforts. We also highlight more recent activities in the 2023 Accomplishments section and look ahead to upcoming work in the Current and Future Priorities section.

Our Vision for the California Delta

Delta Vision Blue Ribbon Task Force (Delta Vision) | March 19th, 2008

Our Vision for the California Delta

Delta Vision Blue Ribbon Task Force (Delta Vision) | March 19th, 2008

Executive Order S-17-06, directed us to “develop a durable vision for sustainable management of the Delta” with the goal of “...managing the Delta over the long te

Executive Order S-17-06, directed us to “develop a durable vision for sustainable management of the Delta” with the goal of “...managing the Delta over the long term to restore and maintain identified functions and values that are determined to be important to the environmental quality of the Delta and the economic and social well being of the people of the state.” The executive order calls for our vision to be completed by January 1, 2008 and a strategic plan by November 2008.

Outdoor Recreation and Water Resources Planning

American Geophysical Union (AGU) | January 1st, 1974

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Water Resources Monograph Series, Volume 3. To a considerable extent this work might be taken to be a report

Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Water Resources Monograph Series, Volume 3. To a considerable extent this work might be taken to be a report of progress in the analysis of recreational use of water and the implications for water resources planning. There has been considerable progress in recent years in the development of methods, some of which are hopefully reflected in these pages, and increasingly there are likely gains to their greater application. A major purpose here is to present some of the issues and methods in a somewhat systematic way so as to provide better appraisal of both problems and progress.

Outmigration survival of wild Chinook salmon smolts through the Sacramento River during historic drought and high water conditions

Environmental Biology of Fishes (Springer) | January 27th, 2020

Outreach and Engagement (Resource Management Strategy)

California Department of Water Resources (DWR) | July 29th, 2016

Outreach and engagement for water management in California is use of tools and practices by water agencies to facilitate contributions by public individuals and groups to

Outreach and engagement for water management in California is use of tools and practices by water agencies to facilitate contributions by public individuals and groups toward good water management outcomes. These contributions include: • Providing insight to decision-makers on the best approaches for water management. • Adopting water-wise practices. • Supporting activities that result in beneficial water management outcomes. • Promoting collaboration and interdisciplinary approaches to solving problems, as well as resolving conflicts and addressing multiple interests and needs. • Ensuring access to water management information and decision-making. For more than a century, California has benefitted from the exceptional technical knowledge used to select and build California’s significant water infrastructure. Water managers have relied on engineering expertise to achieve positive water outcomes and resolve problems. This approach worked well for meeting single-purpose engineering goals, which have supported a growing economy. Even so, some unintended consequences have been revealed. Over time, some water management projects have altered and degraded ecosystems and/or created social injustices as unintended byproducts. Because the water management profession remains primarily a technical discipline, and many agency staff are educated in engineering, economics, or law, these staff see their primary task as managing the physical system. Only later do they engage the public as a way of solving problems or developing policies and programs. As the demands on water management systems have increased and understanding of the complexity of the water systems has grown, the need for engineers and technical experts to engage others in achieving optimum results has become more apparent. Water managers’ new respect for the complexity of the ecosystems from which water projects draw has made them realize the need to access a broader range of expertise. Potential sources of expertise range from the close local knowledge of long-time residents of the area being altered by a water project (such as oral histories from local farms or recollections of historic streams, springs, and wells) to university scientists in disciplines (such as ecology) that have not always participated in water development and management. In addition, water managers are now developing new sophistication about the ways they can serve their communities. This goes beyond the traditional engineering approaches by bringing in expertise from other disciplines, such as economics, public health, and land use planning.

Over‐pumping leads to California groundwater arsenic threat

Nature Portfolio (Springer Nature) | June 5th, 2018

Water resources are being challenged to meet domestic, agricultural, and industrial needs. To complement finite surface water supplies that are being stressed b

Water resources are being challenged to meet domestic, agricultural, and industrial needs. To complement finite surface water supplies that are being stressed by changes in precipitation and increased demand, groundwater is increasingly being used. Sustaining groundwater use requires considering both water quantity and quality. A unique challenge for groundwater use, as compared with surface water, is the presence of naturally occurring contaminants within aquifer sediments, which can enter the water supply. Here we find that recent groundwater pumping, observed through land subsidence, results in an increase in aquifer arsenic concentrations in the San Joaquin Valley of California. By comparison, historic groundwater pumping shows no link to current groundwater arsenic concentrations. Our results support the premise that arsenic can reside within pore water of clay strata within aquifers and is released due to overpumping. We provide a quantitative model for using subsidence as an indicator of arsenic concentrations correlated with groundwater pumping.

Overcoming Organizational Barriers to Implementing Local Government Adaptation Strategies

California Natural Resources Agency (CNRA) | August 27th, 2018

Local governments across California have taken immense strides to combat climate change. However, many local governments still face organizational barriers to comprehensi

Local governments across California have taken immense strides to combat climate change. However, many local governments still face organizational barriers to comprehensively implement climate change adaptation measures. Organizational barriers can delay and even prevent local governments from moving from adaptation planning to implementation due to the wide-reaching scope of climate change impacts. This study aims to further the understanding of the diversity of organizational barriers that California local governments experience and to develop a resource to assist local governments in their efforts to overcome these barriers to more effectively implement climate change adaptation strategies.  The research team conducted a broad literature review, an online survey, multiple regional stakeholder workshops, and focus groups to deepen the understanding of organizational barriers to adaptation in California local governments. These research inputs produced findings on organizational barriers experienced by California local government adaptation practitioners, and enabled the development and testing of the Adaptation Capability Advancement Toolkit. The Toolkit aims to help local governments rapidly assess their current capabilities to overcome organizational barriers and identify key actions and resources for increasing their organizational capability for undertaking climate change adaptation. The Toolkit is based on the Capability Maturity Model process improvement framework, and focuses on developing capabilities within four key process areas which were identified as common sources of organizational barriers: leadership and organizational culture, staffing and technical capacity, stakeholder engagement and partnerships, and operations and institutional processes. The Toolkit was tested by California local government adaptation practitioners in order to ground-truth recommendations and assess the utility of suggested actions and resources. Participants indicated that they view the resource as valuable, particularly if continuously supported. 

Overpumping leads to California groundwater arsenic threat

Nature Portfolio (Springer Nature) | June 5th, 2018

Water resources are being challenged to meet domestic, agricultural, and industrial needs. To complement finite surface water supplies that are being stressed b

Water resources are being challenged to meet domestic, agricultural, and industrial needs. To complement finite surface water supplies that are being stressed by changes in precipitation and increased demand, groundwater is increasingly being used. Sustaining groundwater use requires considering both water quantity and quality. A unique challenge for groundwater use, as compared with surface water, is the presence of naturally occurring contaminants within aquifer sediments, which can enter the water supply. Here we find that recent groundwater pumping, observed through land subsidence, results in an increase in aquifer arsenic concentrations in the San Joaquin Valley of California. By comparison, historic groundwater pumping shows no link to current groundwater arsenic concentrations. Our results support the premise that arsenic can reside within pore water of clay strata within aquifers and is released due to overpumping. We provide a quantitative model for using subsidence as an indicator of arsenic concentrations correlated with groundwater pumping.

Overview of Disadvantaged Communities and Native American Tribes in the Santa Ana River Watershed

U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) | December 19th, 2003

This report provides a brief description of Disadvantaged Communities (DACs) and Native American Indian Tribes (Tribes) located in or near the Santa Ana River Watershed (

This report provides a brief description of Disadvantaged Communities (DACs) and Native American Indian Tribes (Tribes) located in or near the Santa Ana River Watershed (SARW), and a summary of water and related resource opportunities and challenges facing these entities.  The information was gathered from several sources including personal interviews, web research, documentation review, and publicly available information. This report addresses DACs and Tribes separately, as they each have very different and distinctive demographics and economic bases. This document is not meant to be an exhaustive analysis of their unique factors, but rather an introduction and, in some cases, an overview of these populations and their unique water resources requirements.  There are legitimate water quality issues that impact low income and Tribal communities throughout the SARW, but some perceptions of unsafe water where water supplies are clearly safe for public consumption identify another problem. The solution to these issues is to ensure that all communities have the information, financial and technical resources, and administrative and regulatory policies they need to make informed decisions that can result in benefits to all members of communities within the Watershed. One of the key provisions found through this research that could assist DACs is the 1996 Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) Amendments and the 2006 Safe Drinking Water State Revolving Fund (DWSRF) program.  Through the DWSRF, states can provide below-market interest rate loans to publicly and privately owned community water systems and nonprofit non-community water systems for necessary infrastructure improvements. States may also establish separate eligibility criteria and special funding options for economically disadvantaged communities through this program. Section 1452 of the SDWA defines a disadvantaged community as “the service area of a public water system that meets affordability criteria established after public review and comment by the State in which the public water system is located.” Under this section, states may provide additional subsidies (including forgiveness of principal) to communities that meet the established criteria, or that are expected to meet these criteria as a result of a proposed project. Though no special provision was found related to Tribes, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) supports “Tribal Assumption of Federal Environmental Laws” under federal statutes, stating, among other things, that “[t]he Agency will recognize tribal governments as the primary parties for setting standards, making environmental policy decisions, and managing programs for reservations, consistent with Agency standards and regulations.” Three Federal environmental statutes - the SDWA, the Clean Water Act, and the Clean Air Act - explicitly authorize EPA to “treat tribes in the same manner as states” for purposes of implementing various EPA environmental programs that may be of benefit to these communities.