Water Use & Efficiency – California Water Library

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Water and Wastes: A Retrospective Assessment of Wastewater Technology in the United States, 1800-1932

Johns Hopkins University Press (Hopkins Press) | April 2nd, 1984

Summary

This article derives largely from our NSF report on wastewater technology. The specific objects of the research were to identify the processes and key decision points i

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Water conservation benefits of urban heat mitigation

Nature Portfolio (Springer Nature) | October 20th, 2017

Summary

Many cities globally are seeking strategies to counter the consequences of both a hotter and drier climate. While urban heat mitigation strategies have been sho

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Water Demand Projection Accuracy and Demand Management Trends in California Cities

American Geophysical Union (AGU) | November 21st, 2025

Summary

This study investigates the accuracy of long-term water demand projections and tracks the evolution of water demand management incentives across 61 California water suppl

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Water Footprint Outcomes and Policy Relevance Change with Scale Considered: Evidence from California

Pacific Institute | September 1st, 2014

Summary

A new article by Julian Fulton, Heather Cooley, and Peter Gleick evaluates California’s water footprint, finding that California’s water footprint demonstrate a set o

A new article by Julian Fulton, Heather Cooley, and Peter Gleick evaluates California’s water footprint, finding that California’s water footprint demonstrate a set of vulnerabilities and policy options that do not emerge in national-level assessments. The article, published in Water Resources Management, demonstrates that water footprint assessments may find greater policy relevance when scaled to analytical units where water-related decision making occurs. Abstract: Methods and datasets necessary for evaluating water footprints have advanced in recent years, yet integration of water footprint information into policy has lagged. One reason for this, we propose, is that most studies have focused on national units of analysis, overlooking scales that may be more relevant to existing water management institutions. The authors of Water Footprint Outcomes and Policy Relevance Change with Scale Considered: Evidence from California illustrate this by building on a recent water footprint assessment of California, the third largest and most populous state in the United States. While California contains diverse hydrologic regions, it also has an overarching set of water institutions that address statewide water management, including ensuring sustainable supply and demand for the state’s population and economy. The water footprint sheds new light on sustainable use and, in California, is being considered with a suite of sustainability indicators for long-term state water planning. Key to this integration has been grounding the method in local data and highlighting the unique characteristics of California’s water footprint, presented here. Compared to the U.S., California’s water footprint was found to be roughly equivalent in per-capita volume (6 m3d-1) and constituent products, however two policy-relevant differences stand out: (1) California’s water footprint is far more externalized than the U.S.’s, and (2) California depends more on “blue water” (surface and groundwater) than on “green water” (rainwater and soil moisture). These aspects of California’s water footprint suggest a set of vulnerabilities and policy options that do not emerge in national-level assessments. Such findings demonstrate that water footprint assessments may find more policy relevance when scaled to analytical units where water-related decision making occurs.

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Water Forward 2024 Plan Report - Austin's 100 Year Plan

City of Austin | December 6th, 2024

Summary

Water Forward 2024 is Austin’s 100-year integrated water resource plan. The purpose of Water Forward is to develop and implement diverse and environmentally conscious w

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Water Loss Audit Manual

California Department of Water Resources (DWR) | February 11th, 2016

Summary

This document is intended to provide guidance on preparing a distribution system water loss audit in accordance with the American Water Works Association (AWWA) Manual 36

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Water Partnerships between Cities and Farms in Southern California and the San Joaquin Valley

Public Policy Institute of California (PPIC) | October 29th, 2020

Summary

The San Joaquin Valley and urban Southern California are worlds apart in many ways. Yet each face growing water challenges and a shared interest in ensuring reliable, aff

The San Joaquin Valley and urban Southern California are worlds apart in many ways. Yet each face growing water challenges and a shared interest in ensuring reliable, affordable water supplies to safeguard their people and economies. Both regions’ water futures could be more secure if they take advantage of shared water infrastructure to jointly develop and manage some water supplies. Increasing climate volatility is heightening concerns about droughts of the future. And two major shifts in California’s water landscape have generated new opportunities for collaboration between urban and agricultural interests. For urban areas, significant declines in water demand have reduced pressure on supplies during normal and wet years for many agencies, making reliability for future droughts the primary concern. For the overdrafted San Joaquin Valley, the requirement to manage groundwater sustainably has heightened interest in expanding water supplies and underground storage. Partnerships between Southern California cities and San Joaquin Valley farms could help alleviate groundwater overdraft in the valley while building drought resilience in Southern California. More flexible supplies can help agencies adapt to changing conditions. By coordinating the location of infrastructure investments, agencies can use partnerships to bring the water where and when it is most needed, at least cost. This report explores a variety of solutions that could benefit both regions. For the San Joaquin Valley, we look for ways to augment water supplies to ease the transition to groundwater sustainability, while for Southern California we explore options that would increase cities’ ability to deal effectively with extended droughts. By diversifying water supplies, building connections to share water more flexibly, and preparing for the extreme events to come, such partnerships would support Governor Newsom’s Water Resilience Portfolio, and pave the way for a shared effort to make the state’s water system more resilient to a changing climate.

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Water Recommendations to the Next President

Pacific Institute | September 14th, 2020

Summary

The United States faces several severe and worsening water problems. Continuing to neglect these problems will impoverish and sicken this and future generations,

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Water requirement of Urban Green Infrastructure under climate change

Science of the Total Environment (Elsevier) | June 16th, 2023

Summary

The increased uncertainty of rainfall and high urban temperatures resulting from climate change present challenges for water management in Urban Green Infrastructure (UGI

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Water Resilience Plan: Rapid Assessment -- Preliminary Identification of Needs and Strategies with Significant Impact on the Region’s Water

Los Angeles County Department of Public Works (LACDPW) | May 1st, 2017

Summary

This document represents one of the items set forth in the Water Resilience Work Plan presented to the Board of Supervisors in June 2016. The Rapid Assessment pre

This document represents one of the items set forth in the Water Resilience Work Plan presented to the Board of Supervisors in June 2016. The Rapid Assessment presents some of the early findings of the research to identify the most promising approaches and related financial need. As a piece of the larger Water Resilience Plan, a first draft of which Public Works plans to present to the Board in summer 2017, the Rapid Assessment provides a targeted snapshot of the research outcomes and underscores the greatest perceived needs relevant to building regional water resilience. The context of climate change and unpredictable rainfall in Southern California has greatly diminished the reliability of imported water supplies and our ability to replenish groundwater in recent years. This new reality calls for practical, effective strategies to access significant amounts of locally available water to supplement and build resilience in the region’s water supply . Currently, the County of Los Angeles manages to capture and store enough stormwater to meet the demand of one and a half million residents each year. Research has shown that implementation of a portfolio of regional stormwater capture projects could increase this amount between two- and three-fold by ensuring the region can capitalize on less regular, more intense rain events. While other sustainable sources of water should be considered and integrated into a comprehe nsive water management strategy for the region, stormwater represents an accessible, abundant resource with limited funding opportunities. Potable and recycled water are underwritten by ratepayer revenue that also supports improvement and expansion of related infrastructure. Available funding for existing stormwater capture supports current County operations and maintenance, but is insufficient for any significant expansion. Desalination has limited dedicated funding , but relies on costly treatment options that have unclear environmental impacts for the region. Significant investment in regional stormwater capture projects would have substantial impact on local water supply while contributing to improvements in overall watershed health. Stormwater capture strategies, in particular, provide unparalleled opportunities to improve water quality and enhance communities through the integration of multi-benefit approaches. New funding opportunities will be necessary to facilitate the design, implementation, and operations of centralized projects with regional benefits.

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Water and Wastes: A Retrospective Assessment of Wastewater Technology in the United States, 1800-1932

Water conservation benefits of urban heat mitigation

Water Demand Projection Accuracy and Demand Management Trends in California Cities

Water Footprint Outcomes and Policy Relevance Change with Scale Considered: Evidence from California

Water Forward 2024 Plan Report - Austin's 100 Year Plan

Water Loss Audit Manual

Water Partnerships between Cities and Farms in Southern California and the San Joaquin Valley

Water Recommendations to the Next President

Water requirement of Urban Green Infrastructure under climate change

Water Resilience Plan: Rapid Assessment -- Preliminary Identification of Needs and Strategies with Significant Impact on the Region’s Water

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