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Projected Changes in Precipitation, Temperature, and Drought across California’s Hydrologic Regions in the 21st Century

Climate (MDPI) | April 23rd, 2018

Summary

This study investigated potential changes in future precipitation, temperature, and drought across 10 hydrologic regions in California. The latest climate model projectio

This study investigated potential changes in future precipitation, temperature, and drought across 10 hydrologic regions in California. The latest climate model projections on these variables through 2099 representing the current state of the climate science were applied for this purpose. Changes were explored in terms of differences from a historical baseline as well as the changing trend. The results indicate that warming is expected across all regions in all temperature projections, particularly in late-century. There is no such consensus on precipitation, with projections mostly ranging from −25% to +50% different from the historical baseline. There is no statistically significant increasing or decreasing trend in historical precipitation and in the majority of the projections on precipitation. However, on average, precipitation is expected to increase slightly for most regions. The increases in late-century are expected to be more pronounced than the increases in mid-century. The study also shows that warming in summer and fall is more significant than warming in winter and spring. The study further illustrates that, compared to wet regions, dry regions are projected to become more arid. The inland eastern regions are expecting higher increases in temperature than other regions. Particularly, the coolest region, North Lahontan, tends to have the highest increases in both minimum and maximum temperature and a significant amount of increase in wet season precipitation, indicative of increasing flood risks in this region. Overall, these findings are meaningful from both scientific and practical perspectives. From a scientific perspective, these findings provide useful information that can be utilized to improve the current flood and water supply forecasting models or develop new predictive models. From a practical perspective, these findings can help decision-makers in making different adaptive strategies for different regions to address adverse impacts posed by those potential changes.

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Projected increases and shifts in rain-on-snow flood risk over western North America

Nature Portfolio (Springer Nature) | August 6th, 2018

Summary

Destructive and costly flooding can occur when warm storm systems deposit substantial rain on extensive snowcover, as observed in February 2017 with the Oroville

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Projections of declining surface-water availability for the southwestern United States

Nature Portfolio (Springer Nature) | December 23rd, 2012

Summary

Global warming driven by rising greenhouse-gas concentrations is expected to cause wet regions of the tropics and mid to high latitudes to get wetter and subtropi

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Proposal for a Revised ITL and Expected Take for Adult Delta Smelt

Delta Stewardship Council (Delta Council) | July 29th, 2014

Summary

The 2008 USFWS Incidental Take Level (ITL) calculation determines the amount of annual delta smelt salvage allowed to be taken by the State Water Project (SWP) an

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Proposed Drinking Water Cost Assessment Model Assumptions on Physical Consolidation

California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) | July 14th, 2023

Summary

The State Water Resources Control Board (State Water Board) is proposing an updated methodology for estimating potential modeled physical consolidation costs for Failing

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Pure Water Soquel Groundwater Model Simulation Results

Soquel Creek Water District | June 22nd, 2018

Summary

This technical memorandum discusses model simulation groundwater levels, groundwater budget, and particle tracking results to support the Environmental Impact Rep

This technical memorandum discusses model simulation groundwater levels, groundwater budget, and particle tracking results to support the Environmental Impact Report of the Pure Water Soquel project involving replenishment of advanced purified recycled water within Soquel Creek Water District’s (SqCWD’s) service area. Six model simulations have been run using the calibrated GSFLOW model for the Santa Cruz Mid- County Basin (the Basin) where SqCWD’s service area is located. These simulations have different pumping and active replenishment distributions, as follows: Two Projected Existing Conditions (No Project) simulations with SqCWD’spumping distribution reflecting future demand without additional replenishment at proposed recharge wells. Two Project simulations with SqCWD’s pumping distribution reflecting future demand and pumping re-distribution with the addition of replenishment at the Monterey and Cabrillo College Dr. sites (referred to as the Cabrillo-Monterey simulations). These simulations also represent potential replenishment at the Twin Lakes Church site instead of one of the two Cabrillo College Dr. sites. The Twin Lakes Church site is approximately 500-750 feet to the west of the Cabrillo College Dr. sites. Two Project simulations with the same pumping distribution as the Cabrillo- Monterey simulations, but with replenishment at the Monterey and Willowbrook sites (referred to as the Monterey-Willowbrook simulations).Simulation groundwater levels are evaluated for the following effects: Comparison of groundwater levels at coastal monitoring wells to protective elevations estimated to prevent seawater intrusion from further occurring in groundwater supply aquifers. Groundwater levels in the recharge wells to assess whether model results are consistent with estimated capacities for the well, recognizing that site specific testing will be needed to confirm recharge well capacities. Groundwater levels at nearby wells to evaluate effects on operation of those municipal, private, and institutional wells.Simulation groundwater budgets are evaluated for following effects: • Flows entering and leaving the Basin, including flows to and from groundwater in storage and flows offshore to prevent seawater intrusion. • Flows between groundwater and surface water. This memo does not include results for a Cumulative simulation. Information from the City of Santa Cruz to define its Aquifer Storage and Recovery project to be cumulative with Pure Water Soquel is not available or developed at this time. This memo includes results from particle tracking based on the above simulations performed to support the Salt and Nutrient Anti-degradation Study and permitting of the recharge wells. This involves particle tracking of simulated purified, replenishment water to evaluate the fate of the water as it travels in subsurface aquifers. Particle tracking is also used to evaluate travel times of purified, replenishment water, which requires refined analysis near the recharge wells. A scope to superimpose analytic element solutions for recharge and nearby extraction wells onto GSFLOW results to facilitate travel time calculations was approved by SqCWD Board December 18, 2017 and results should be forthcoming in July 2018.

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Quantifying anthropogenic contributions to century-scale groundwater salinity changes, San Joaquin Valley, California, USA

Science of the Total Environment (Elsevier) | June 15th, 2018

Summary

Total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations in groundwater tapped for beneficial uses (drinking water, irrigation, freshwater industrial) have increased on average by abo

Total dissolved solids (TDS) concentrations in groundwater tapped for beneficial uses (drinking water, irrigation, freshwater industrial) have increased on average by about 100 mg/L over the last 100 y ears in the San Joaquin Valley, California (SJV). D uring this period land use in the SJV changed from natural vegetation and dryland agriculture to dominantly irrigated agriculture with growing urban areas. Century-scale salinity trends were evaluated by comparing TDS concentrations and major ion compositions of groundwater from wells sampled in 1910 (Historic) to data from wells sampled in 1993 –2015 (Modern). TDS concentrations in subregions of the SJV, the southern (SSJV), western (WSJV), northeastern (NESJV), and southeastern (SESJV) were calculated using a cell-declustering method. TDS concentrations increased in all regions, with the greatest increases found in the SSJV and SESJV. Evaluation of the Modern data from the NESJV and SESJV found higher TDS concentrations in recently recharged (post-1950) groundwater from shallow (b50 m) wells surrounded predominantly by agricultural land uses, while premodern (pre-1950) groundwater from deeper wells, and recently recharged groundwater from wells surrounded by mainly urban, natural, and mixed land uses had lower TDS concentrations, approaching the TDS concentrations in the Historic groundwater. For the NESJV and SESJV, inverse geochemical modeling with PHREEQC indicated that weathering of primary silicate minerals accounted for the majority o f the increase in TDS concentrations, contributing more than nitrate from fertilizers and sulfate from soil amendments combined. Bicarbonate showed the greatest increase among major ions, resulting from enhanced silicate weathering due to recharge of irrigation water enriched in CO2 during the growing season. The results of this study demonstrate that large anthropogenic changes to the hydrologic regime, like massive development of irrigated agriculture in semi-arid areas like the SJV, can cause large changes in groundwater quality on a regional scale.

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Quantifying the Relationship Between Atmospheric River Origin Conditions and Landfall Temperature

American Geophysical Union (AGU) | October 11th, 2022

Summary

The temperature of landfalling atmospheric rivers (ARs) has direct implications for regional water resources. Compared to cool ARs, warm ARs can result in more surface ru

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Rapid emergence of climate change in environmental drivers of marine ecosystems

Nature Portfolio (Springer Nature) | March 7th, 2017

Summary

Climate change is expected to modify ecological responses in the ocean, with the potential for important effects on the ecosystem services provided to humankind

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Rapid progression of ocean acidification in the California current system

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) | June 14th, 2012

Summary

Nearshore waters of the California Current System (California CS) already today have a low carbonate saturation state, making them particularly susceptible to o

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Projected Changes in Precipitation, Temperature, and Drought across California’s Hydrologic Regions in the 21st Century

Projected increases and shifts in rain-on-snow flood risk over western North America

Projections of declining surface-water availability for the southwestern United States

Proposal for a Revised ITL and Expected Take for Adult Delta Smelt

Proposed Drinking Water Cost Assessment Model Assumptions on Physical Consolidation

Pure Water Soquel Groundwater Model Simulation Results

Quantifying anthropogenic contributions to century-scale groundwater salinity changes, San Joaquin Valley, California, USA

Quantifying the Relationship Between Atmospheric River Origin Conditions and Landfall Temperature

Rapid emergence of climate change in environmental drivers of marine ecosystems

Rapid progression of ocean acidification in the California current system

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