Translating Science-Based Restoration Strategies into Spatially-Explicit Restoration Opportunities in the Delta (2018 Bay-Delta Science Conference Presentation)

San Francisco Estuary Institute (SFEI) | July 2nd, 2018

In a previous report titled “A Delta Renewed” we offered a collection of guidelines for science-based ecological restoration in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta that

In a previous report titled “A Delta Renewed” we offered a collection of guidelines for science-based ecological restoration in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta that emphasized restoring or emulating natural processes, anticipating future changes associated with climate change, establishing appropriate configurations of habitat types at the landscape scale, and utilizing a variety multi-benefit management strategies. In this talk, we present on our recent work to support regional restoration planning efforts by developing a repeatable process for using these guidelines to identify spatially-explicit restoration opportunities. The process is largely GIS-based and utilizes spatial data on existing land cover and conservation status, habitat configuration (including patch sizes and distances), surface elevations (including depth of subsidence), and future changes in tidal elevations associated with sea-level rise.  By distilling generalized guidelines into spatially-explicit opportunities, we hope to provide a practical tool for incorporating science into planning. To that end, these new methods are currently being piloted through planning efforts focused on the Central Delta Corridor and the McCormack Williamson Tract, and are also being used to assist with the quantification of ecological restoration potential in the Delta Plan Ecosystem Amendment.

Trapping of Suspended Sediment by Submerged Aquatic Vegetation in a Tidal Freshwater Region: Field Observations and Long-Term Trends

Estuaries and Coasts (Springer) | July 14th, 2020

Widespread invasion by non-native, submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) may modify the sediment budget of an estuary, reducing the availability of inorganic sediment requir

Widespread invasion by non-native, submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) may modify the sediment budget of an estuary, reducing the availability of inorganic sediment required by marshes to maintain their position in the tidal frame. The instantaneous trapping rate of suspended sediment in SAV patches in an estuary has not previously been quantified via field observations. In this study, flows of water and suspended sediment through patches of invasive SAV were measured at three tidally forced, freshwater sites, all located within the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta in California. An acoustic Doppler current profiler deployed from a roving vessel provided velocity and backscatter data used to quantify fluxes of both water and suspended sediment. Sediment trapping efficiency, defined as instantaneous net trapped flux divided by incident flux, was positive in 24 of 29 cases, averaging + 5%. Coupled with 3 years of measured sediment flux data at one site, this suggests that trapping averages 3.7 kg m−2 year−1. This estimate compares favorably with the mean mass accumulation rate of 3.8 kg m−2 year−1 estimated from dated sediment cores collected at the study sites. Long-term measurements made upstream reveal a strong negative trend (− 1.8% year−1) in suspended sediment concentration, and intra-annual changes in both suspended sediment concentration and percent fines. The large footprint and high spatial density of invasive SAV coupled with declining sediment supply are diminishing downstream suspended sediment concentrations, potentially reducing the resiliency of marshes in the Delta and lower estuary to future sea-level rise.

Trends in Fish and Invertebrate Populations of Suisun Marsh January 2017 - December 2017

University of California, Davis (UC Davis) | January 31st, 2019

Suisun Marsh, at the geographic center of the northern San Francisco Estuary, is important habitat for native and non-native fishes. The University of California, Davis,

Suisun Marsh, at the geographic center of the northern San Francisco Estuary, is important habitat for native and non-native fishes. The University of California, Davis, Suisun Marsh Fish Study, in partnership with the California Department of Water Resources (DWR), has systematically monitored the marsh's fish populations since January 1980. The study’s main purpose has been to determine environmental and anthropogenic factors affecting fish distribution and abundance. 

Undelivered Water: Fulfilling the CVPIA promise to Central Valley refuges

U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (USBR) | November 3rd, 2009

The 1992 Central Valley Project Improvement Act transformed California’s federal water management system by providing fish and wildlife a co-equal priority with other u

The 1992 Central Valley Project Improvement Act transformed California’s federal water management system by providing fish and wildlife a co-equal priority with other uses. In so doing, the Act mandated that the federal government establish a program, now known as the Refuge Water Supply Program (RWSP), to manage, secure, and deliver a reliable, clean water supply to serve the wetland habitat needs of nineteen federal, state, and private wildlife refuges in California’s Central Valley. The refuges protect a significant portion of the last remaining 5 percent of the historic Central Valley wetlands and provide birds of the Pacific Flyway habitat during critical periods when no other wetlands habitat may be available. In response to a request from OMB, the Bureau of Reclamation and the Fish and Wildlife Service established an Independent Panel to evaluate the performance of the RWSP component of the Central Valley Project Improvement Act.

Understanding Microplastic Levels, Pathways, and Transport in the San Francisco Bay Region

San Francisco Estuary Institute (SFEI) | October 2nd, 2019

Microplastics (particles less than 5 mm) are ubiquitous and persistent pollutants in the ocean and a pervasive and preventable threat to the health of marine ec

Microplastics (particles less than 5 mm) are ubiquitous and persistent pollutants in the ocean and a pervasive and preventable threat to the health of marine ecosystems. Microplastics come in a wide variety of shapes, sizes, and plastic types, each with unique physical and chemical properties and toxicological impacts. Understanding the magnitude of the microplastics problem and determining the highest priorities for mitigation require accurate measures of microplastic occurrence in the environment and identification of likely sources. To develop critical baseline data and inform solutions, the San Francisco Estuary Institute and the 5 Gyres Institute have completed the first comprehensive regional study of microplastic pollution in a major estuary.

Underwater Videographic Observations of Domesticated Delta Smelt in Field Enclosures

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) | May 24th, 2022

The delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) is a small, euryhaline fish species endemic to the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta; it is protected under the U.S. and Californi

The delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus) is a small, euryhaline fish species endemic to the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta; it is protected under the U.S. and California Endangered Species Acts, and because of declines in population abundance, the delta smelt may be vulnerable to extinction. The California Department of Water Resources (DWR) is conducting studies to test the viability of using domesticated fish to supplement the wild population of delta smelt. These studies have focused on examining the health and survival of domesticated delta smelt placed inside enclosures (circular cages that are approximately 1.5 meters tall by 1 meter in diameter) into the wild. We completed two parts within this study using underwater cameras inside the enclosures to observe fish behavior and their responses to certain stimuli. In both parts of the study, delta smelt behaviors were broadly categorized into two basic categories: (1) normal and (2) alarm. Normal behavior was characterized as calm, non-polarized, and docile swimming behavior. Alarm behavior was characterized by sudden and rapid darting, polarized frantic swimming activity, and tighter schooling polarization of individuals. The first part of the study took place in a semi-controlled agricultural pond on the campus of the University of California, Davis. At this agricultural pond, we developed methods of observation and documented how fish behaved in response to enclosure disturbances associated with routine cleaning and service that is required during extended field deployments of the enclosures. We observed that delta smelt behavior changed from normal to alarm at the onset of an enclosure service and from alarm to normal within about 2 minutes after the service ended. The second part of the study was completed in cooperation with the DWR. In October 2019, DWR deployed three enclosures in the Sacramento River near Rio Vista, California. To monitor survival rate of delta smelt, DWR permitted us to deploy cameras in one enclosure to document the frequency and duration of alarm behaviors exhibited by delta smelt and the frequency, duration, and intensity of three types of disturbances: (1) noise generated from passing boats, (2) noise generated from the enclosure moving in response to wave energy, and (3) vertical movements of the enclosure generated from wave energy. Alarm behaviors averaged about 2 minutes in duration and occurred most frequently during the evening compared to midday or morning. Each disturbance variable exhibited substantial variability in duration and intensity and occurred least frequently during the morning and evening compared to midday. Alarm behaviors appeared to be most associated with high intensity enclosure noises and vertical movements; however, limited replicate samples prohibited developing a statistical relation. Alarm behaviors did not directly contribute to injury or mortality of individual delta smelt; however, indirect or sublethal effects of alarm behaviors were not examined.

United States v. State Water Resources Control Board (1986)

Court of Appeals of California, First Appellate District | May 28th, 1986

This appeal raises a number of novel and complex questions concerning the interrelationship of the law of water quality and the law of water rights. The coordinated cases

This appeal raises a number of novel and complex questions concerning the interrelationship of the law of water quality and the law of water rights. The coordinated cases arise out of efforts by the State Water Resources Control Board (the Board) to set new water quality standards for the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta (Delta) in order to take account of the combined effects upon the Delta of the state's two massive water projects: the Central Valley Project (CVP) and the State Water Project (SWP), operated by the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation (U.S. Bureau or Bureau) and the California Department of Water Resources (DWR), respectively.

Urban Levee Design Criteria

California Department of Water Resources (DWR) | May 15th, 2012

The Urban Levee Design Criteria (ULDC) provides engineering criteria and guidance for the design, evaluation, operation, and maintenance of levees and floodwalls that pro

The Urban Levee Design Criteria (ULDC) provides engineering criteria and guidance for the design, evaluation, operation, and maintenance of levees and floodwalls that provide an urban level of flood protection (i.e., 200-year level of flood protection) in California, as well as for determining design water surface elevations (DWSE) along leveed and unleveed streams. Other topics beyond design and evaluation are presented to provide reasonable assurance that once a levee or floodwall is found to provide an urban level of flood protection, it will continue to do so. RELATED CONTENT: Urban Level of Flood Protection Criteria

Urban Level of Flood Protection Criteria

California Department of Water Resources (DWR) | November 12th, 2013

The Urban Level of Flood Protection Criteria was developed in response to requirements from the Central Valley Flood Protection Act of 2008, enacted by Senate Bill (SB) 5

The Urban Level of Flood Protection Criteria was developed in response to requirements from the Central Valley Flood Protection Act of 2008, enacted by Senate Bill (SB) 5 (2007), to strengthen the link between flood management and land use. The California Department of Water Resources (DWR) developed these criteria as a systematic approach to assist affected cities and counties within the Sacramento-San Joaquin Valley in making findings related to an urban level of flood protection before approving certain land-use decisions. In preparing these criteria, DWR used its broad experience and expertise in flood management and planning to address concerns related to flood protection and flood risk management. RELATED CONTENT: Urban Levee Design Criteria

Urban Water Conservation in the Sacramento, California Region During the 2014-2016 Drought

ProQuest Dissertations Publishing | December 30th, 2019