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Implicit and Explicit Biases for Recycled Water and Tap Water

American Geophysical Union (AGU) | May 31st, 2022

Summary

Increasing use of recycled water to irrigate agricultural products and decreasing consumption of bottled water are important components of sustainable water management pr

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Integrated Water Management at the Peri-Urban Interface: A Case Study of Monterey, California

Water, Multidisciplinary Publishing Institute (MDPI) | December 21st, 2020

Summary

Climate change, drought, and chronic overdraft represent growing threats to the sustainability of water supplies in dry environments. The Monterey/Salinas region in Cali

Climate change, drought, and chronic overdraft represent growing threats to the sustainability of water supplies in dry environments. The Monterey/Salinas region in California exemplifies a new era of integrated or “one water” management that is using all of the water it can get to achieve more sustainable supplies to benefit cities, agriculture, and the environment. This program is the first of its kind to reuse a variety of waters including wastewater, stormwater, food industry processing water, and agricultural drainage water. This study investigates the partnerships, projects, and innovations that shape Monterey’s integrated water network in order to better understand the challenges and opportunities facing California communities as they seek to sustainably manage peri-urban water supplies.Water reuse in the Monterey region produces substantial economic and environmental benefits, from tourism and irrigation of high-value crops to protection of groundwater and increases in environmental flows and water quality.Water resource managers in other communities can learn fromMonterey’s success leveraging local needs and regional partnerships to develop effective integrated water solutions. However, key challenges remain in resolving mismatched timing between water availability and demand, funding alternative water supplies, and planning effectively under uncertainty. Opportunities exist to increase Monterey’s recycled water supply by up to 50%, but this requires investment in seasonal storage and depends on whether desalination or additional recycling forms the next chapter in the region’s water supply story. Regulatory guidance is needed on seasonal subsurface storage of tertiary-treated recycled water as distinct from potable recharge. By increasing the supply of recycled water to Monterey’s indirect potable use system, the region’s potential need for seawater desalination may be delayed as much as 30 years, resulting in cost and energy savings, and giving the opportunity to resolve present planning concerns.

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Integrated Water Resources Plan 2015 Update

Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWD) | January 1st, 2016

Summary

In California water, uncertainty comes with the territory. Being unprepared for tomorrow, however, is simply not an option. The Metropolitan Water District of Southern C

In California water, uncertainty comes with the territory. Being unprepared for tomorrow, however, is simply not an option. The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California prepares for tomorrow with an evolving long-term water strategy known as its Integrated Water Resources Plan, or IRP. The inaugural IRP was adopted in 1996, with updates in 2004 and 2010. The 2015 IRP Update continues the tradition of assessing and adapting to changing conditions facing Southern California. The fundamental goal of the IRP is for Southern California to have as reliable a water system for tomorrow as the region has enjoyed for decades, regardless of the challenges that emerge along the way. Metropolitan plans to meet this goal through an adaptive management strategy that is the cornerstone of the 2015 IRP Update. Metropolitan was authorized by the California Legislature in 1928 to advance a regional approach to water supply in Southern California. Metropolitan’s initial mission was to construct the 242-mile Colorado River Aqueduct to its service area on the Southern California coastal plain. Metropolitan’s service area had an assessed property valuation of approximately $2 billion at the time. Now Metropolitan serves a six-county service area with a property valuation of approximately $2 trillion. Metropolitan imports supplies from both the Colorado River and Northern California via the State Water Project while investing in a variety of storage, local supply and conservation initiatives. Metropolitan has a long record of promoting alternatives to imported water supplies, dating back to the 1980s. With the IRP, that process became more formalized as a long-term strategy and official policy. Metropolitan has steadily diversified the future water portfolio for Southern California with each revision to the IRP. This update is no exception. Investments to maintain the reliability of imported supplies are complemented by an expansion of local supply development along with a reduction in demand through a variety of conservation and water-use efficiency initiatives. The necessary suite of actions evolves over time based on the water conditions of tomorrow. Updating the IRP creates a new baseline for managing into the future.

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Investigation on the Feasibility of Developing Uniform Water Recycling Criteria for Direct Potable Reuse

California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) | December 29th, 2016

Summary

In 2010, the California Legislature enacted Senate Bill (SB) 918 (Chapter 700, Statutes of 2010), which added sections 13560-13569 (Division 7, Chapter 7.3) to the Water

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Investigation on the Feasibility of Developing Uniformwater Recycling Criteria ror Direct Potable Reuse

California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) | December 1st, 2016

Summary

The population of California is projected to increase from 38 million to 50 million by the year 2049. This population increase will have a dramatic impact on the water ne

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LA Sustainable Water Project: Los Angeles River Watershed

University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) | September 1st, 2017

Summary

The LA Sustainable Water Project: Los Angeles River Watershed report explores the potential to improve water quality standards while integrating complementary One Water M

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Los Angeles Sustainable Water Project: Ballona Creek Watershed

University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) | November 1st, 2015

Summary

Implementing integrated water management systems (IWM) that incorporate all components of the urban water cycle, including imported water, local groundwater, captured st

Implementing integrated water management systems (IWM) that incorporate all components of the urban water cycle, including imported water, local groundwater, captured stormwater, greywater, and treated wastewater is crucial to creating a sustainable water supply for the city of Los Angeles (City). The City has researched, written, and initiated implementation of recommendations from many reports critical to creating an IWM plan for the City as well as to defining the current capacity of the system. While work on this issue has been ongoing for many years, the extreme drought currently impacting water supplies throughout California has created a new urgency to increase the City’s ability to provide a secure water supply through local sources. In April 2015, Governor Brown directed the first-ever statewide mandatory cut of 25% in urban water use due to the continuing drought conditions. In addition to statewide efforts, many policies and plans have been created on a local level within the City that address urban water management, integrated resources planning, stormwater capture, and groundwater management. The Los Angeles Mayor’s Office recently set strong goals to increase the sustainability of the City’s water supply over the next several years. The goals included completing a comprehensive sustainability plan containing objectives for water supply and demand in the City, which was released in April 2015 (Sustainable City pLAn). In an emergency drought directive released in October 2014, the Mayor identified additional accelerated water goals including reducing per capita potable water use by 20% by 2017 (from 2014 base-line of 130 gallons per capita per day (GPCD) to 104 GPCD), reducing the City’s reliance on MWD water by 50% by 2025, and converting 85% of public golf course acreage to recycled water by 2017. Through building upon regional research and reports that have been generated on potential components of the local water supply portfolio (e.g., groundwater, recycled water, and stormwater), as well as gathering and analyzing current data on flows of water and wastewater throughout the City systems and environment, this project further identifies and refines opportunities to implement integrated water management throughout the City. As water quality regulation in the Los Angeles area currently drives much of the current water management practices, we examined greater water self-reliance through this lens. Therefore, the City has been divided by watershed to assess Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) compliance alongside integrated water management opportunities and challenges that exist and must be addressed in order to meet water quality compliance requirements and maximize local water supply. This first report focuses on the Ballona Creek Watershed and the Hyperion Service Area; following reports will focus on the Dominguez Channel and Los Angeles River watersheds.

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Mainstreaming Potable Water Reuse in the United States: Strategies for Leveling the Playing Field

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) | April 18th, 2018

Summary

The practice of potable water reuse has evolved in important ways in the United States over the past 50 years, especially during the last 25 years. Prior to the 1990s, m

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Managing Wastewater in a Changing Climate

Public Policy Institute of California (PPIC) | April 15th, 2019

Summary

California’s wastewater sector, which plays a crucial role in protecting publichealth and the environment, is at a turning point. Water supply and demand condit

California’s wastewater sector, which plays a crucial role in protecting publichealth and the environment, is at a turning point. Water supply and demand conditions are being affected by population growth, technology and policy changes, and drought. Climate change will bring new challenges. Wastewater agencies are tasked with reliably removing pollutants from water discarded to sewers, even as the quantity and quality of the water they treat declines. Of the multiple climate pressures that are likely to affect wastewater management, drought poses the biggest challenge for the sector. The unusually hot drought of 2012–16 provided a vivid demonstration of conditions that may become more common as the climate warms, and was a wake-up call for wastewater agencies. Many wastewater agencies are pursuing specific changes to their operations, infrastructure, or finances in response to the cascade of challenges they experienced during the latest drought. A PPIC survey of wastewater agencies done as part of this study found a high degree of concern in the sector about adapting to a changing climate. This report recommends policy and management changes to help build resilience in three broad areas: 1) Maintaining water quality in the face of changing water use.Wastewater management is challenged by short-term water conservation during droughts and longer-term reductions in water use from indoor efficiency measures—conditions which are largelybeyond the sector’s control. Reductions in indoor water use can damage infrastructure and reduce the effectiveness of existing treatment processes. Such challenges may grow as severe droughts become more frequent with climate change and as water efficiency increases. Better coordination and information sharing with water suppliers, and sector-wide planning for future droughts, are key to addressing these changes. 2) Making smart recycled water investments. Wastewater agencies produce highly treated water that is increasingly being reused as a water supply. Coordination among wastewater and water supply agencies is essential to respond to the increasing demand for recycled water. Formalized planning for recycled water projects at the regional level will likely lead to more efficient processes and better outcomes. New investments must be responsive to changing water use, climate change, and pending regulations. 3) Balancing conflicting objectives within watersheds. Most wastewater treatment plants discharge treated water into inland watersheds. Adapting to declining water use and meeting increased demand for recycled water may conflict with environmental objectives and the demands of downstream users. Rivers and streams are expected to experience lower flows and higher temperatures, which will heighten threats to aquatic ecosystems. Resources to identify areas most at risk of conflict over the use of treated wastewater are needed, as are tools to evaluate the impacts of water recycling projects on the environment and downstream water users. The state should also analyze its policies to identify tradeoffs and resolve conflicts between its water supply, water quality, and environmental goals. Advancements in engineering and technology can help wastewater agencies adapt to a changing climate―but shifts in policy and planning will facilitate a more efficient and effective path toward building resilience. The latest drought provided a window into the looming challenges facing the wastewater sector. Forging new partnerships and evaluating the full range of climate-related risks will help the sector determine the best adaptations and policy improvements needed to prepare the wastewater sector for a more volatile future.

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Matching Water Quality to Use (Resource Management Strategy)

California Department of Water Resources (DWR) | July 29th, 2016

Summary

Matching water quality to use is a management strategy that recognizes that not all water uses require the same water quality. One common measure of water quality is its

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Implicit and Explicit Biases for Recycled Water and Tap Water

Integrated Water Management at the Peri-Urban Interface: A Case Study of Monterey, California

Integrated Water Resources Plan 2015 Update

Investigation on the Feasibility of Developing Uniform Water Recycling Criteria for Direct Potable Reuse

Investigation on the Feasibility of Developing Uniformwater Recycling Criteria ror Direct Potable Reuse

LA Sustainable Water Project: Los Angeles River Watershed

Los Angeles Sustainable Water Project: Ballona Creek Watershed

Mainstreaming Potable Water Reuse in the United States: Strategies for Leveling the Playing Field

Managing Wastewater in a Changing Climate

Matching Water Quality to Use (Resource Management Strategy)

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