Tulare Lake

Located in the southern San Joaquin Valley, the Tulare Lake region is the largest agricultural region in California, with about 3 million of the region’s 10.9 million acres under irrigation. The main crops grown in this region are grapes, cotton, corn, alfalfa, almonds, and pistachios.

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Harnessing the Power of Geophysical Imaging to Recharge California's Groundwater

American Geophysical Union (AGU) | April 17th, 2025

Summary

Motivated by the availability of 20,000 line-km of airborne electromagnetic (AEM) data covering the Central Valley of California, we developed a workflow that uses resist

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HEC-HMS Models for the Sacramento and San Joaquin River Basins Comprehensive Study

U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) | August 1st, 2001

Summary

Due to several large and damaging flood events on the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers (California) during the 1980s and 1990s, the U.S. House of Representatives

Due to several large and damaging flood events on the Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers (California) during the 1980s and 1990s, the U.S. House of Representatives directed the Sacramento District to develop comprehensive plans for flood control for the two rivers and to develop hydrologic and hydraulic models of the river systems. The models will be used to provide better forecasts and evaluations of flood damage reduction alternatives. Additionally, the model results will be used as input for reservoir simulation models. The Sacramento River Basin and the San Joaquin River/Tulare Lake Bed Basins comprise nearly 60,000 square miles, drain California’s Central Valley floor and receive much of their runoff from the Sierra Nevada mountain range. Developing hydrologic models for the tributary basins (which included extremely variable terrain) within a ten month time period was a formidable task. The District contacted the Hydrologic Engineering Center (HEC) to assist with the development of these models. HEC used the Hydrologic Modeling System program, HEC-HMS, and introduced the HEC-GeoHMS grid-based technology to perform the hydrologic study. GeoHMS is an ArcView® extension that provides automated subbasin delineation methods and calculates many physical characteristics used for estimation of hydrologic parameters. HEC developed and calibrated 33 individual HEC-HMS models for the major tributaries and portions of the valley floors of the Sacramento River Basin and the San Joaquin River / Tulare Lake Bed Basins. GeoHMS was used to delineate the individual river basins, perform initial subbasin delineation and develop the physical characteristics for the subbasins. Tools within GeoHMS allowed the modelers to iteratively redelineate their subbasins, as appropriate, to meet project needs. Keeping the modeling effort consistent was critical to the success of the study. To ensure this consistency of procedures and results, HEC developed modeling guidelines that each of the 11 modeling teams followed. Once the grid-based HEC-HMS models were developed, HEC contracted with the Corps’ Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL) to perform a snowmelt study for the watersheds. HEC provided a gridded precipitation file (4 km2) to CRREL. Through the use of their Distributed Snow Process Model (DSPM), CRREL then provided a gridded snowmelt/ precipitation file to HEC. DSPM computes snowmelt and rainfall depths at the soil surface on a grid-cell basis. This data is used directly by HEC-HMS as precipitation on the watershed. The ModClark rainfall to runoff transformation was used to compute the subbasin hydrographs. HEC-HMS parameter optimization models were developed at hourly flow gages for the unregulated headwater streams. The runoff parameter optimization models allowed the modelers to develop the runoff parameters necessary for the regression analysis. A number of physical characteristics were evaluated for correlation with variations in Clark’s time of concentration, TC, for the optimization models. The results of the regression analysis allowed the modelers to populate the ungaged subbasins with appropriate unit hydrograph parameters. Approximately 200 hourly flow gages and 83 reservoirs were considered in calibrating the models. The 33 individual basin models were then given to the Sacramento District.

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Henry Miller Water District Revised Groundwater Sustainability Plan, Kern County Subbasin

Henry Miller Water District | July 21st, 2022

Summary

This Groundwater Sustainability Plan (GSP) for the Henry Miller Water District (HMWD) Groundwater Sustainability Agency (GSA) has been prepared pursuant to Water Code §1

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Heresy in ENSO teleconnections: Atmospheric rivers as disruptors of canonical seasonal precipitation anomalies in the Southwestern US

Springer Nature | February 7th, 2025

Summary

In spite of forecasts for anomalous dryness based on the canonical La Niña signal, Water Years 2011, 2017, and 2023 brought copious precipitation to California and the S

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Highlights Central Valley Flood Protection Plan 2022 Update

California Department of Water Resources (DWR) | January 23rd, 2023

Summary

The 2022 Central Valley Flood Protection Plan Update was adopted by the Central Valley Flood Protection Board on December 16th, 2022. Just days later, beginning on Decemb

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How are Western water districts managing groundwater basins?

California Agriculture (UCANR) | March 13th, 2018

Summary

Making the transition from open-access groundwater rights to sustainable groundwater management is a formidable task for newly formed groundwater sustainability age

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Human contributions to evapotranspiration mitigate swings in dry-to-wet year transitions

Nature Portfolio (Springer Nature) | January 9th, 2026

Summary

California’s food and economic security depends on water availability, particularly under increasingly extreme climate scenarios. A key component of the water balance i

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Human emissions drive recent trends in North Pacific climate variations

Nature Portfolio (Springer Nature) | August 14th, 2025

Summary

Click here for a plain language discussion of the article by co-authors Pedro N. DiNezio and Timothy M. Shanahan

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Human-wildlife conflict is amplified during periods of drought

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) | November 12th, 2025

Summary

Climate change–induced alterations to human-wildlife interactions are recognized to pose a fundamental challenge for global conservation initiatives. However, the exten

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Hydraulic and mechanical properties affecting ground‐water flow and aquifer‐system compaction, San Joaquin Valley, California

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) | July 19th, 2001

Summary

This report summarizes hydraulic and mechanical properties affecting ground-water flow and aquifer-system compaction in the San Joaquin Valley, a broad alluviated inte

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Tulare Lake

Harnessing the Power of Geophysical Imaging to Recharge California's Groundwater

HEC-HMS Models for the Sacramento and San Joaquin River Basins Comprehensive Study

Henry Miller Water District Revised Groundwater Sustainability Plan, Kern County Subbasin

Heresy in ENSO teleconnections: Atmospheric rivers as disruptors of canonical seasonal precipitation anomalies in the Southwestern US

Highlights Central Valley Flood Protection Plan 2022 Update

How are Western water districts managing groundwater basins?

Human contributions to evapotranspiration mitigate swings in dry-to-wet year transitions

Human emissions drive recent trends in North Pacific climate variations

Human-wildlife conflict is amplified during periods of drought

Hydraulic and mechanical properties affecting ground‐water flow and aquifer‐system compaction, San Joaquin Valley, California

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