San Francisco Bay

Small Tributaries Pollutants of Concern Reconnaissance Monitoring: Application of Storm-event Loads and Yields-Based and Congener-Based PCB Site Prioritization Methodologies

San Francisco Estuary Institute (SFEI) | January 12th, 2022

With RMP funding allocated in 2017 and 2018, a pilot study was completed using a subset of data from watersheds in San Mateo and Santa Clara Counties to build new methods

With RMP funding allocated in 2017 and 2018, a pilot study was completed using a subset of data from watersheds in San Mateo and Santa Clara Counties to build new methods for organizing and analyzing the existing stormwater reconnaissance data that will provide further evidence to support decisions about which watersheds may be of interest for prioritized management focus. The pilot study resulted in two new analysis methodologies outlined in two companion reports: Davis, J.A. and Gilbreath, A.N., 2019. Small Tributaries Pollutants of Concern Reconnaissance Monitoring: Pilot Evaluation of Source Areas Using PCB Congener Data. SFEI Contribution No. 956. San Francisco Estuary Institute, Richmond, California. McKee, L.J., Gilbreath, A.N., Hunt, J.A., Wu, J., Yee, D., and Davis, J.A., 2019. Small tributaries pollutants of concern reconnaissance monitoring: Loads and yields-based prioritization methodology pilot study. SFEI Contribution No. 817. San Francisco Estuary Institute, Richmond, California. In this final report, we describe a few enhancements to the storm-event loads and yields method and then apply both methods to a much larger data set and provide the resulting database to support stormwater management and decision making.

Small Tributaries Pollutants of Concern Reconnaissance Monitoring: Loads and Yields-based Prioritization Methodology Pilot Study

San Francisco Estuary Institute (SFEI) | October 1st, 2019

Watershed yields (mass exported per unit watershed area) can be used as an indicator variable to help identify watersheds or source areas of higher management interest i

Watershed yields (mass exported per unit watershed area) can be used as an indicator variable to help identify watersheds or source areas of higher management interest in relation to mass loads that impact the Bay. When prioritization includes an analysis of uncertainty, a recommendation can also be made for priority investigations necessary to reduce uncertainties. A method is presented for generating comparable yield estimates for small industrial watersheds where only a single storm has been sampled and for which a watershed boundary has been generated. The method generates standardized storm-based yields for each sampled site for a 0.5-year annual return frequency storm with 2-hour peak rainfall intensity. No attempt has been made to estimate annual average yields (the metric upon which the TMDL was based).

Small Tributaries Pollutants of Concern Reconnaissance Monitoring: Pilot Evaluation of Source Areas Using PCB Congener Data

San Francisco Estuary Institute (SFEI) | October 1st, 2019

PCB congener profiles can be used to help identify source areas that contribute most to the PCB mass exported from the watershed via stormwater and to illustrate variabi

PCB congener profiles can be used to help identify source areas that contribute most to the PCB mass exported from the watershed via stormwater and to illustrate variability in PCB mobilization from source areas over time. A method is presented for estimating the contributions of different Aroclor mixtures to the congener profiles of samples of stormwater and sediment. The method is based on the use of indicator congeners that are representative of each of the four most commonly used Aroclors. In this report, the method was applied in three watersheds. In the Pulgas Pump Station watershed, stormwater and sediment had high concentrations with a unique congener profile, dominated by congeners indicative of a combination of Aroclors 1242 and 1260. The concentrations and congener profiles in sediment suggest that there are two distinct source areas in the watershed that combine to create the mix of 1242 and 1260 that is dominant in stormwater at the Pump Station. The data indicate that if PCB flux from one of these areas could be eliminated, loads from the watershed would be reduced by 50% or more. For the Coyote Creek watershed, the similarity in congener profiles for the highest concentration sediment samples and the stormwater samples suggest that the important source areas in the watershed have been identified, and that reduction of loading from an area at the south end of the Charcot Avenue Storm Drain watershed would yield the greatest reduction in export at the Coyote Creek station. The concentrations and congener profiles in stormwater and sediment from the Guadalupe River watershed indicate the presence of one source area that is likely a substantial contributor to PCB export from the watershed, but that all of the significant sources areas may not yet have been identified.

Small Water Systems and Rural Communities Drought and Water Shortage Contingency Planning and Risk Assessment, Part 1

California Department of Water Resources (DWR) | March 25th, 2021

This report is submitted pursuant to California Water Code (CWC) Section 10609.42, which directs the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) to identify small wate

This report is submitted pursuant to California Water Code (CWC) Section 10609.42, which directs the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) to identify small water suppliers and rural communities that may be at risk of drought and water shortage vulnerability, and to propose recommendations and information in support of improving their drought preparedness. The report is published in two parts: Part 1 deals with drought and water shortage contingency planning recommendations, and Part 2 presents a methodology of drought and water shortage vulnerability assessment and risk scoring. Additionally, below are links for Part 1 appendices. Appendix 1: Literature Review Appendix 2: Proposed Water Shortage Contingency Plan Components for Small Water Systems Serving 1,000 to 2,999 Service Connections Appendix 3: Proposed Umbrella Water Shortage Contingency Plan Components Appendix 4: Indian Health Service Template for a Drought Contingency Plan for a Tribal Public Water System Appendix 5: County Drought Advisory Group General Funding and Financing Issues

Small Water Systems and Rural Communities Drought and Water Shortage Contingency Planning and Risk Assessment, Part 2

California Department of Water Resources (DWR) | March 25th, 2021

This report is submitted pursuant to California Water Code (CWC) Section 10609.42 which directs California Department of Water Resources (DWR) to identify small water sup

This report is submitted pursuant to California Water Code (CWC) Section 10609.42 which directs California Department of Water Resources (DWR) to identify small water suppliers and rural communities that may be at risk of drought and water shortage vulnerability and propose recommendations and information in support of improving the drought preparedness of small water suppliers and rural communities. The report is published in two parts: Part 1 dealing with drought and water shortage contingency planning recommendations, and Part 2 presenting a methodology and results of drought and water shortage vulnerability assessment and risk scoring. Additionally, below are links for Part 2 appendices. Appendix 1: Drought and Water Shortage Risk Scoring: California’s Small Water Supplier and Self-Supplied Communities Appendix 2: Drought and Water Shortage Risk Scoring: Risk Score Results of Small Water Suppliers Appendix 3: Drought and Water Shortage Risk Scoring: Risk Score Results of Self-Supplied Communities

Sniffing the Delta for Greenhouse Gases

San Francisco Estuary Partnership (SFEP) | June 16th, 2022

Global food production contributes an estimated 21% to 37% of the greenhouse gases that are warming the planet, including huge releases of carbon when vast aquatic ecosys

Global food production contributes an estimated 21% to 37% of the greenhouse gases that are warming the planet, including huge releases of carbon when vast aquatic ecosystems like the Delta are transformed for agriculture. [Dennis] Baldocchi and colleagues are now trying to figure out if bringing back tidal wetlands like the one at Dutch Slough can help reverse these processes.

Sonoma Creek Baylands Strategy

Sonoma Land Trust | May 1st, 2020

The purpose of the Strategy is to provide Sonoma Land Trust and partners with a clear and comprehensive plan that coordinates the protection, acquisition, restoration, an

The purpose of the Strategy is to provide Sonoma Land Trust and partners with a clear and comprehensive plan that coordinates the protection, acquisition, restoration, and enhancement of diverse baylands habitats (e.g., subtidal, mudflat, tidal marsh, brackish marsh, freshwater marsh, upland-wetland transition), integrates natural processes to increase climate resilience of the Sonoma Creek Baylands, identifies appropriate public access, and provides recommendations for the redesign of SR 37 and increased connectivity under and across the SMART rail line where they pass through the Sonoma Creek Baylands. 

Sonoma Valley Groundwater Sustainability Plan

Sonoma Water | January 29th, 2022

Sources, Pathways and Loadings: Multi-Year Synthesis with a Focus on PCBs and Hg

San Francisco Estuary Institute (SFEI) | December 15th, 2015

This report provides a synthesis of information gathered since 2000 on sources, pathways, and loadings of pollutants of concern in the San Francisco Bay Area with a focus

This report provides a synthesis of information gathered since 2000 on sources, pathways, and loadings of pollutants of concern in the San Francisco Bay Area with a focus on polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and total mercury (Hg). Concentration and load estimates for other pollutants of concern (POC) are provided in the Appendix tables but not supported by any synthesis or discussion in the main body of the report. The PCB and Hg TMDLs for San Francisco Bay call for implementation of control measures to reduce stormwater PCB loads from 20 kg to 2 kg by 2030 and to reduce stormwater Hg loads from 160 kg to 80 kg by 2028 with an interim milestone of 120 kg by 2018. These are very challenging objectives given that the 2 kg PCB load allocation translates to a mean annual yield of 0.31 g/km2 for the free flowing areas downstream from reservoirs (6,650 km2), a mean annual concentration of 1.33 ng/L (assuming an annual average flow from small tributaries of 1.5 km3), and mean annual particle ratio of 1.4 ng/g of suspended sediment load (assuming an average annual suspended sediment load of 1.4 million metric t). Similarly for Hg, the 80 kg load allocation translates to a mean annual yield of 12 g/km2, a mean annual concentration of 53 ng/L, and mean annual particle ratio of 58 ng/g of suspended sediment load. Concentrations of these low magnitudes have been observed commonly in the Bay Area for Hg and yields of this low magnitude have been observed for PCBs and Hg. However, concentrations of PCBs at these magnitudes have only been observed in Marsh Creek (a more rural watershed) and particle ratios of PCBs and Hg as low as these have never been observed in the region.

South San Francisco Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project— A Synthesis of Phase-1 Mercury Studies

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) | March 7th, 2023

The South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project (SBSPRP) encompasses over 6,000 hectares of former salt production ponds along the south edge of the San Francisco Bay and rep

The South Bay Salt Pond Restoration Project (SBSPRP) encompasses over 6,000 hectares of former salt production ponds along the south edge of the San Francisco Bay and represents the largest wetland restoration effort on the west coast of North America. A series of studies associated with Phase 1 (2010–2018) restoration activities that are focused on a historically mercury contaminated slough and series of ponds within the restoration area have recently been completed. This report brings together the key findings of these loosely coordinated studies and integrates the results into a more comprehensive and holistic product that informs future restoration activities associated with the SBSPRP and elsewhere.