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Viability assessment for Pacific salmon and steelhead listed under the Endangered Species Act

National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) | July 25th, 2016

Summary

The Endangered Species Act (ESA) requires that the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) review the status of listed species under its authority at least every five ye

The Endangered Species Act (ESA) requires that the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) review the status of listed species under its authority at least every five years and determine whether any species should be removed from the list or have its listing status changed. Assessments of the viability of ESA-listed Pacific salmonids were conducted by the Southwest Fisheries Science Center and the Northwest Fisheries Science Center. The information from these assessments is incorporated into the West Coast Region’s status review, and the NMFS West Coast Region will make final determinations about any proposed changes in listing status, taking into account not only biological information (viability assessments) but also threats to the species and ongoing or planned protective efforts. This report from the Southwest Fisheries Science Center covers 10 ESA-listed Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs) and Distinct Population Segments (DPSs) that lie wholly or partially in California. In this review, we consider 1) new information relevant to the delineation of ESU/DPS boundaries, and 2) new information on status and trends in abundance, productivity, spatial structure and diversity specifically addressed by viability criteria previously developed by Technical Recovery Teams (TRTs). These viability assessments summarize current information (through the 2014–2015 spawning year where available) with respect to the viability criteria developed by the TRTs. Consequently, the current assessments consider not only changes in populations that have occurred since the 2010 assessments but also the status of populations and ESUs/DPSs in relation to the viability criteria developed by the TRTs. For eight of the ESUs/DPSs (Southern Oregon/Northern California Coho Salmon, Central California Coast Coho Salmon, California Coastal Chinook Salmon, Northern California Steelhead, Central California Coast Steelhead, South-central California Steelhead, Southern California Steelhead, and California Central Valley Steelhead) the new information suggests that there has been no change in extinction risk since 2010 viability assessments. For two ESUs (Central Valley Spring-run Chinook Salmon, and Sacramento River Winter-run Chinook Salmon) the new information suggests a change in extinction risk. The viability of Central Valley Spring-run Chinook salmon appears to have improved since the 2010 assessment, but this ESU is far from being viable and is still facing relatively high extinction risk. The viability of Sacramento River Winter-run Chinook Salmon has been reduced and the ESU faces greater extinction risk since the 2010 assessment.

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Vina Groundwater Subbasin Groundwater Sustainability Plan

Vina and Rock Creek Reclamation District Groundwater Sustainability Agencies | December 15th, 2021

Summary

The Vina GSA and Rock Creek Reclamation District GSA and the stakeholders within the Subbasin recognize that this GSP is not the finish line; it is the starting line for

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Visual, spectral, and microchemical quantification of crystalline anomalies in otoliths of wild and cultured delta smelt

Nature Portfolio (Springer Nature) | December 1st, 2022

Summary

Developmental abnormalities in otoliths can impact growth and survival in teleost fishes. Here, we quantified the frequency and severity of developmental anomalies in oto

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Volatile organic compounds in groundwater used for public supply across the United States: Occurrence, explanatory factors, and human-health context

Science of the Total Environment (Elsevier) | March 11th, 2022

Summary

This systematic assessment of occurrence for 85 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in raw (untreated) groundwater used for public supply across the United States (U.S.), w

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Volatile Organic Compounds in the Nation’s Ground Water and Drinking Water Supply Wells

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) | August 29th, 2014

Summary

This national assessment of 55 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ground water gives emphasis to the occurrence of VOCs in aquifers that are used as an important supply

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Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change in California Agriculture

California Energy Commission (CEC) | July 31st, 2012

Summary

To build public support for adapting to and mitigating climate change, it will be necessary to develop greater awareness of a broad set of biophysical and socioeconomic f

To build public support for adapting to and mitigating climate change, it will be necessary to develop greater awareness of a broad set of biophysical and socioeconomic factors that influence agricultural vulnerability and resilience. First, the study developed a spatially explicit agricultural vulnerability index for California derived from 22 climate, crop, land use, and socioeconomic variables. Results of the agricultural vulnerability index suggest that the Sacramento?San Joaquin Delta, the Salinas Valley, the corridor between Merced and Fresno, and the Imperial Valley merit special consideration due to their high agricultural vulnerability. The underlying factors contributing to vulnerability and resilience differ among these regions, indicating that future studies and responses could benefit from adopting a contextualized “place based” approach. As an example of this approach, the research team summarized the findings from a recent study on climate change adaptation in Yolo County. The Yolo County study consists of: (1) an econometric analysis of crop acreages under future climate change projections; (2) a hydrologic model of the Cache Creek watershed that simulates the impact of future climate and crop acreage projections on local water supplies; (3) a countywide inventory of agricultural greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and how it might be used to inform local Climate Action Plans; (4) a survey of farmers’ views on climate change, its impacts and what adaptation and mitigation strategies they might be inclined to adopt; and (5) an urban growth model that evaluates various future development scenarios and the impact on Yolo County farmland and GHG emissions. Since farmland throughout the state is vulnerable to urbanization, the study also used urban growth projections for 2050 to examine the possible impacts on statewide agricultural production, land use patterns, and soils. Lastly, the study examined two on?farm case studies (Fetzer/Bonterra Vineyards and Dixon Ridge Farms) that highlight the possible benefits of innovative agricultural practices (for example, vineyard carbon storage and renewable energy production from crop residues) that link adaptation and mitigation.

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Vulnerability Assessments in Support of the Climate Ready Estuaries Program: A Novel Approach Using Expert Judgment, Volume I

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) | January 1st, 2012

Summary

The San Francisco Bay estuary is highly vulnerable to climate - related changes including increased water temperatures, changes in precipitation and winds, and sea leve

The San Francisco Bay estuary is highly vulnerable to climate - related changes including increased water temperatures, changes in precipitation and winds, and sea level rise. Impacts such as increased inundation of coastal wetlands, changes in water availability and quality, and altered patterns of sedimentation and erosion are increasingly interacting with other human stressors such as extractive water uses and land use changes. Thus it is essential that estuary managers become ‘climate-ready’ by: assessing the vulnerability of natural resources to climate change; considering strategic choices among adaptation strategies in the near term; and engaging in longer term planning based on a range of plausible scenarios of future change. In an era of shrinking budgets coupled with increasingly complex decision-making needs—often taking place in a context of uncertainty and incomplete information— managing natural resources in the face of climate change will be challenging. There is a need for assessment methods that take advantage of existing scientific expertise to help identify robust adaptation strategies, weigh difficult trade-offs, and justify strong action, all in a timely and efficient manner. The purpose of this project was to carry out a pilot vulnerability assessment for the San Francisco Estuary Partnership’s (SFEP) natural resources using expert judgment, the results of which could be linked to adaptation planning. To this aim, EPA’s Office of Research and Development collaborated with SFEP and the San Francisco Bay Conservation and Development Commission on a novel expert elicitation exercise for ‘rapid’ vulnerability assessment. A trial exercise was carried out during a two-day workshop in which two groups of seven experts each focused on two key ecosystem processes: sediment retention in salt marshes and community interactions of shorebirds with their predators and prey (see Figure ES - 1). The exercise, which was based on formal expert elicitation techniques but tailored specifically for qualitative analysis of ecosystem processes, was designed to glean expert information on the sensitivities of ecosystem process components under future climate scenarios . This was followed by group discussions of the implications of the results for management in light of climate change, as well as feedback on the exercise itself.

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Vulnerability of California specialty crops to projected mid-century temperature changes

Climatic Change (Springer) | September 7th, 2017

Summary

Increasing global temperatures are likely to have major impacts on agriculture, but the effects will vary by crop and location. This paper describes the tempera

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Walker River Atlas

California Department of Water Resources (DWR) | June 1st, 1992

Summary

The Walker River has its headwaters in California's high Sierras north of Mono Lake and terminates in a desert lake in Nevada. The Walker is a relatively small river

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Warming accelerates global drought severity

Nature Portfolio (Springer Nature) | June 4th, 2025

Summary

Drought is one of the most common and complex natural hazards affecting the environment, economies and populations globally. However, there are significant uncertainties

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Viability assessment for Pacific salmon and steelhead listed under the Endangered Species Act

Vina Groundwater Subbasin Groundwater Sustainability Plan

Visual, spectral, and microchemical quantification of crystalline anomalies in otoliths of wild and cultured delta smelt

Volatile organic compounds in groundwater used for public supply across the United States: Occurrence, explanatory factors, and human-health context

Volatile Organic Compounds in the Nation’s Ground Water and Drinking Water Supply Wells

Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change in California Agriculture

Vulnerability Assessments in Support of the Climate Ready Estuaries Program: A Novel Approach Using Expert Judgment, Volume I

Vulnerability of California specialty crops to projected mid-century temperature changes

Walker River Atlas

Warming accelerates global drought severity

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