Inflation Reduction Act of 2022

United States Congress | August 6th, 2022

Click "get document" for the entire bill. Scroll below to see its drought relief amendment.

Click "get document" for the entire bill. Scroll below to see its drought relief amendment.

Influence of agricultural managed aquifer recharge on nitrate transport: The role of soil texture and flooding frequency

Soil Science Society of America (SSSA) | June 9th, 2021

Agricultural managed aquifer recharge (Ag-MAR) is a concept in which farmland is flooded during the winter using excess surface water to recharge the underlying groundwat

Agricultural managed aquifer recharge (Ag-MAR) is a concept in which farmland is flooded during the winter using excess surface water to recharge the underlying groundwater. In this study, we show how different recharge practices affect NO3− leaching and mineralization–denitrification processes in different soil systems. Two contrasting soil textures (sand and fine sandy loam) from the Central Valley, Califor- nia, were repeatedly flooded with 15 cm of water at varying time intervals in field and soil column experiments. Nitrogen species (NO3–, NH4+, total N), total C, dis- solved O2, and moisture content were measured throughout the experiments. Results show that when flooding occurs at longer intervals (every 1–2 wk), N mineralization increases, leading to an increase of mobile NO3− in the upper root zone and leach- ing of significant quantities of NO3− from both soil textures (137.3 ± 6.6% [sand] and 145.7 ± 5.8% [fine sandy loam] of initial residual soil NO3−) during subsequent flooding events. Laboratory mineralization incubations show that long flooding inter- vals promote mineralization and production of excess NO3− at rates of 0.11–3.93 mg N kg–1 wk–1 (sand) and 0.08–3.41 mg N kg–1 wk–1 (fine sandy loam). Decreasing the flooding frequency to 72 h reduces potential mineralization, decreasing the amount of NO3− leached during flooding events (31.7 ± 3.8% [sand] and 64.7 ± 10.4% [fine sandy loam] of initial residual soil NO3–). The results indicate that implementing recharge as repeated events over a long (multiple-week) time horizon might increase the total amount of NO3− potentially available for leaching to groundwater.

Influence of fine particle content in debris flows on alluvial fan morphology

Nature Portfolio (Springer Nature) | December 16th, 2022

Alluvial fans are large-scale depositional structures commonly found at the base of mountain ranges. They are relatively soil-rich compared to the rocky terrains, or catc

Alluvial fans are large-scale depositional structures commonly found at the base of mountain ranges. They are relatively soil-rich compared to the rocky terrains, or catchment areas, from which their material originates. When frequented by debris flows (massive, muddy, rocky flows) they contribute significantly to local hazards as they carry focused, collisional, fast-moving materials across alluvial fans, unpredictable in size, speed, and direction. We research how fine particle content in debris flows correlates with directional changes, i.e., debris flow avulsions. Toward this, we analyzed field data from two neighboring alluvial fans in the White Mountains (California, USA) that exhibit dramatically different topographies despite their proximity and associated similar long-term climates. Informed by these measurements, we performed long-term and incremental alluvial fan experiments built by debris flows with systematically-varied fine particle content. We found that (1) decreasing fine particle content increases the variability of fan slopes and associated channelization dynamics, and (2) for all mixtures longer-term continuous alluvial fan experiments form more complex surface channelizations than repeated flows for the same total time, indicating the importance of both particle sizes and timescales on alluvial fan surface morphology.

Influence of temperature and precipitation variability on near-term snow trends

Climatic Change (Springer) | October 17th, 2014

Snow is a vital resource for a host of natural and human systems. Global warming is projected to drive widespread decreases in snow accumulation by the end of the century

Snow is a vital resource for a host of natural and human systems. Global warming is projected to drive widespread decreases in snow accumulation by the end of the century, potentially affecting water, food, and energy supplies, seasonal heat extremes, and wildfire risk. However, over the next few decades, when the planning and implementation of current adaptation responses are most relevant, the snow response is more uncertain, largely because of uncertainty in regional and local precipitation trends. We use a large (40-member) single-model ensemble climate model experiment to examine the influence of precipitation variability on the direction and magnitude of near-term Northern Hemisphere snow trends. We find that near-term uncertainty in the sign of regional precipitation change does not cascade into uncertainty in the sign of regional snow accumulation change. Rather, temperature increases drive statistically robust consistency in the sign of future near-term snow accumulation trends, with all regions exhibiting reductions in the fraction of precipitation falling as snow, along with mean decreases in late-season snow accumulation. However, internal variability does create uncertainty in the magnitude of hemispheric and regional snow changes, including uncertainty as large as 33 % of the baseline mean. In addition, within the 40-member ensemble, many mid-latitude grid points exhibit at least one realization with a statistically significant positive trend in net snow accumulation, and at least one realization with a statistically significant negative trend. These results suggest that the direction of near-term snow accumulation change is robust at the regional scale, but that internal variability can influence the magnitude and direction of snow accumulation changes at the local scale, even in areas that exhibit a high signal-to-noise ratio.

Influence of Urban Areas on Surface Water Loss in the Contiguous United States

American Geophysical Union (AGU) | February 7th, 2022

Information for Parties Preparing Proposals for Water Transfers Requiring Department of Water Resources or Bureau of Reclamation Approval

California Department of Water Resources (DWR) | December 1st, 2015

Information for the Future: The West Side San Joaquin Valley Project

West Side San Joaquin Valley Coordinating Council, University of California, Water Resources Center | September 1st, 1970

Information Needs for Water Markets

University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley) | March 14th, 2024

This report is part of a larger project to better understand how institutional context affects the potential for water markets to enhance climate resilience for agricultu

This report is part of a larger project to better understand how institutional context affects the potential for water markets to enhance climate resilience for agriculture and ecosystems, what legal and organizational features are likely to facilitate fair and effective water markets in the U.S. Southwest, and where opportunities exist to adapt existing institutions to support more sustainable water management. The report focuses on one legal and organizational feature that is a necessary precursor to fair and effective water markets: the collection and sharing of adequate information about water diversion and use. It synthesizes the discussions and notes from a convening of water experts with additional research and analysis.

Information Needs for Water Markets: Fair and Effective Water Markets Require Adequate Measurement and Reporting of Diversion and Use

University of California, Berkeley (UC Berkeley) | November 14th, 2024

Information Pertaining to Water Rights in California

California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB) | January 1st, 2000

A handbook on water rights produced by the State Water Resources Control Board, dated January 2000. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction General Information Pertaini

A handbook on water rights produced by the State Water Resources Control Board, dated January 2000. TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction General Information Pertaining to Water Rights Appropriative Rights Initiated Prior to December 19, 1914 Appropriative Rights Initiated Subsequent to December 19, 1914 Loss of Appropriative Rights Riparian Rights Prescription Vested Appropriative and Riparian Rights Not Affected by Filing an Application Disputes Over the Use of Water Public Trust Determination of Existing Rights Appropriation of Underground Water Spring Water No Assistance Rendered in Securing Right of Access to Point of Diversion or Right-of-Way Patents and Homesteads Supervision Over Dams Provision of Fish and Game Code Statements of Water Diversions and Use Stockpond Rights General Information Pertaining To Applications For Permits To Appropriate Unappropriated Water Who Should File An Application Who Should Not File An Application Purpose of Filing When to File Unappropriated Water and Responsibilities of Permittees Outline of Essential Steps Preparation of Applications Changes In Ownership Appendix - Table of Equivalents