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2017 Salinas Valley Groundwater Level Contours & Seawater Intrusion Maps
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2017 Salinas Valley Groundwater Level Contours & Seawater Intrusion Maps
Monterey County Water Resources Agency (MCWRA) | April 24, 2018...
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2017 SGMA Annual Report South American Subbasin (5-021.65) Sacramento Central Groundwater Authority
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2017 SGMA Annual Report South American Subbasin (5-021.65) Sacramento Central Groundwater Authority
Sacramento Central Groundwater Authority, GEI Consultants Inc. | April 1, 2018...
Summary
The Sacramento Central Groundwater Authority (SCGA) has prepared an Annual Report describing groundwater conditions in the South American Subbasin for the 2017 Water...

The Sacramento Central Groundwater Authority (SCGA) has prepared an Annual Report describing groundwater conditions in the South American Subbasin for the 2017 Water Year (i.e., inclusive of months October 2016 to September 2017) in support of their pending Alternative Submittal. The Annual Report is intended for conveying monitoring and water use data to the State DWR on an annual basis to gauge performance of the groundwater subbasin relative to the sustainability goal set forth in a Groundwater Sustainability Plan (GSP) or, for SCGA, the Alternative Submittal. As such, SCGA is including sufficient information to provide interested parties with sufficient background and supporting details to serve as a public communications document for subbasin management and to take the place of historic biennial reporting available on the SCGA website.

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A Guide for Using the Transient Ground-Water Flow Model of the Death Valley Regional Ground-Water Flow System, Nevada and California
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A Guide for Using the Transient Ground-Water Flow Model of the Death Valley Regional Ground-Water Flow System, Nevada and California
U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Department of Energy Office of Environmental Management | November 4, 2006...
Summary
This report is a guide for executing numerical simulations with the transient ground-water flow model of the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system,...
This report is a guide for executing numerical simulations with the transient ground-water flow model of the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system, Nevada and California using the U.S. Geological Survey modular finite-difference ground-water flow model, MODFLOW-2000. Model inputs, including observations of hydraulic head, discharge, and boundary flows, are summarized. Modification of the DVRFS transient ground-water model is discussed for two common uses of the Death Valley regional ground-water flow system model: predictive pumping scenarios that extend beyond the end of the model simulation period (1998), and model simulations with only steady-state conditions.

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A hybrid machine learning model to predict and visualize nitrate concentration throughout the Central Valley aquifer, California, USA
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A hybrid machine learning model to predict and visualize nitrate concentration throughout the Central Valley aquifer, California, USA
Science of the Total Environment | June 9, 2017...
Summary
Intense demand forwater in the Central Valley of California and related increases in groundwater nitrate concentration threaten the sustainability of the groundwater resource....
Intense demand forwater in the Central Valley of California and related increases in groundwater nitrate concentration threaten the sustainability of the groundwater resource. To assess contamination risk in the region, we developed a hybrid, non-linear, machine learning model within a statistical learning framework to predict nitrate contamination of groundwater to depths of approximately 500m below ground surface.

A database of 145 predictor variables representing well characteristics, historical and current field and landscape-scale nitrogen mass balances, historical and current land use, oxidation/reduction conditions, groundwater flow, climate, soil characteristics, depth to groundwater, and groundwater age were assigned to over 6000 private supply and public supply wells measured previously for nitrate and located throughout the study area. The boosted regression tree (BRT) method was used to screen and rank variables to predict nitrate concentration at the depths of domestic and public well supplies.

The novel approach included as predictor variables outputs from existing physically based models of the Central Valley. The top five most important predictor variables included two oxidation/reduction variables (probability of manganese concentration to exceed 50 ppb and probability of dissolved oxygen concentration to be below 0.5 ppm), field-scale adjusted unsaturated zone nitrogen input for the 1975 time period, average difference between precipitation and evapotranspiration during the years 1971–2000, and 1992 total landscape nitrogen input.

Twenty-five variables were selected for the final model for log-transformed nitrate. In general, increasing probability of anoxic conditions and increasing precipitation relative to potential evapotranspiration had a corresponding decrease in nitrate concentration predictions.

Conversely, increasing 1975 unsaturated zone nitrogen leaching flux and 1992 total landscape nitrogen input had an increasing relative impact on nitrate predictions.

Three-dimensional visualization indicates that nitrate predictions depend on the probability of anoxic conditions and other factors, and that nitrate predictions generally decreased with increasing groundwater age.

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A National Framework for Groundwater Monitoring in the United States
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A National Framework for Groundwater Monitoring in the United States
USGS | July 1, 2013...
Summary
The establishment and management of a National Ground-Water Monitoring Network (NGWMN) in the United States would represent a significant achievement in water-resource management....
The establishment and management of a National Ground-Water Monitoring Network (NGWMN) in the United States would represent a significant achievement in water-resource management. The need for ground-water monitoring focused on the major aquifers and aquifer systems in the USA is increasingly important as a key element of sustainable ground-water resource management and use.

The National Framework described in this report provides detailed information and recommendations for developing and operating a national ground-water monitoring network that would provide ongoing data collection on ground-water quantity and quality. These data will be available to the public and will be critical for addressing ground-water management issues at the Federal, State, Tribal and local levels. The data will be particularly useful for “state of the resource” assessments requested by State Legislatures and the U.S. Congress. The National Framework was developed by the Subcommittee on Ground Water (SOGW), an ad-hoc committee under the Advisory Committee on Water Information (ACWI), which is a Department of the Interior Federal Advisory Committee.

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A Water Resources Data Network Evaluation for Monterey County, California; Phase 1; South County
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A Water Resources Data Network Evaluation for Monterey County, California; Phase 1; South County
U..S. Geological Survey, Monterey County Flood Control and Water Conservation District | July 12, 1986...
Summary
An evaluation made of rainfall, surface water, groundwater, and water quality monitoring networks in Salinas River basin in southern Monterey County, California, proposed...
An evaluation made of rainfall, surface water, groundwater, and water quality monitoring networks in Salinas River basin in southern Monterey County, California, proposed all long-term rain gages be continued for extending short-term records and suggested the installation of two additional recording gages. Eight new storage rain gages were suggested at midaltitudes of east and west sides of Salinas Valley where few data are available. The evaluation revealed some short-term gaging stations could be discontinued because of good regression relations between them and the long-term stations Arroyo Seco near Soledad.

Of 16 stations selected for the proposed network, 4 are new recording stations, 6 are new nonrecording streamflow and water quality sampling sites, 5 are existing stations, and the last is a station operated from 1969 to 1976; also included are water quality sampling stations on Lakes Nacimiento and San Antonio. The proposed groundwater network was developed from information on geology, geohydrology, and groundwater quality, high priority objectives for groundwater network, and consideration for providing good areal coverage of levels and water quality. Of 145 sites selected, 86 are existing monitoring wells.

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A Water Resources Data Network Evaluation for Monterey County, California; Phase 3, Northern Salinas River Drainage Basin
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A Water Resources Data Network Evaluation for Monterey County, California; Phase 3, Northern Salinas River Drainage Basin
U.S. Geological Survey, Monterey County Flood Control and Water Conservation District | December 13, 1990...
Summary
Continuing data collection and analysis are vital to efficient development and management of water resources. To insure that water managers have adequate information...
Continuing data collection and analysis are vital to efficient development and management of water resources. To insure that water managers have adequate information on conditions and trends, data-collection programs must be evaluated and updated periodically. Changes in population, land use, and agricultural practices may increase the demand for water, so that effective water management and supporting data collection become even more critical. Consideration of cost effectiveness, however, means that every site must count, and redundancy must be minimized. Water resources management and monitoring are ever-changing, and periodic reevaluation is a necessary part of this process. This report presents an evaluation of precipitation, surface-water, and ground-water monitoring networks in the northern Salinas River drainage basin of Monterey County, California. This report is third in a series of reports prepared in cooperation with the Monterey County Flood Control and Water Conservation District (MCFCWCD). The phase 1 report (Showalter and Hoffard, 1986) covers the southern Salinas River drainage basin, the phase 2 report covers the north county and coastal areas of Monterey County (W.E. Templin, P.E. Smith, and R.C. Schluter, U.S. Geological Survey, written commun., 1989), and this report (phase 3) covers the northern Salinas River drainage basin.

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A Water Resources Data-Network Evaluation for Monterey County, California, Phase 3: Northern Salinas River Drainage Basin
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A Water Resources Data-Network Evaluation for Monterey County, California, Phase 3: Northern Salinas River Drainage Basin
U.S. Geological Survey, Monterey County Flood Control and Water Conservation District | December 15, 1990...
Summary
This report presents an evaluation of water resources data collection networks in the northern Salinas River drainage basin, Monterey County, California. The evaluation,...

This report presents an evaluation of water resources data collection networks in the northern Salinas River drainage basin, Monterey County, California. The evaluation, done in cooperation with the Monterey County Flood Control and Water Conservation District, covers both quantity and quality monitoring by precipitation, surface-water, and ground-water networks. The report describes existing networks in the study area and possible additional data collection.

The study identified 34 precipitation gages in the study area, of which 20 are active. The stations are concentrated in the northwestern part of the study area. Data are lacking for the eastern and southern parts of the study area, as well as the southwestern slopes of the Gabilan Range. No precipitation-quality networks were identified. Possible data-collection efforts for precipitation quality include monitoring for acid rain and for pesticides in precipitation.

The study identified 10 streamflow-gaging stations, of which 6 are active. To meet the objectives for streamflow networks that are outlined in the report, all sites could be reactivated, and two of the inactive sites could be relocated to improve the reliability of the data. Besides these stations, nine possible additional streamflow-gaging sites were identified.

The Monterey County Flood Control and Water Conservation District samples one surface-water site for suspended sediment, specific conductance, and chlorides. Several agencies have done water-quality sampling in the past, but only five sites are active. Reactivation of the 45 inactive sites might help to meet the various surface-water-quality objectives described in the report. Development of a stream-reach rating system also could help to identify parts of the study area most in need of sampling.

The Monterey County Flood Control and Water Conservation District maintains three networks to measure ground-water levels on a monthly basis, during peak irrigation, and at the end of the irrigation season. The District measures water levels in 318 wells. The only other network identified for this report was operated by the U.S. Geological Survey, and none of its five wells are active. The study identified 128 sections in which no ground-water-level monitoring is presently done. Well coverage is densest in the saltwater-intrusion areas near Castroville, California. Wells in the rest of the study area are more sparsely distributed and are concentrated down the center of the drainage basin in the alluvial ground-water basin.

The ideal initial baseline network of ground-water-quality wells would be an evenly spaced grid of index wells within each aquifer, with a density of one per section. Once baseline conditions were established, representative wells could be selected and monitored annually. As of 1985, the Monterey County Flood Control and Water Conservation District monitored 379 study wells in the area for various water-quality conditions. Other networks monitor (or propose the monitoring of) 135 wells. The District collects samples in summer months to monitor saltwater intrusion near Castroville.

Annual samples also are analyzed for chloride, specific conductance, and nitrate. Every 5 years, the District does a complete mineral analysis on each study well. Improvements in network coverage are suggested to better approximate ideal network coverage. The adequacy of wells in existing monitoring networks for representing actual conditions in the ground-water basins was not established conclusively.

Possible redundancy of information from existing networks was not evaluated statistically. Despite these limitations, this report does provide a basis for assessing the adequacy of ground-water-level networks in the study area. The computerized Geographic Information System (GIS) that is planned for Monterey County could easily use the information in this report for the needed initial analysis of network adequacy. The feasibility of management and analysis of large complicated data bases (such as the ground water networks identified in this report) is substantially improved through the use of state-of-the-art GIS tools now available.

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Agricultural Irrigation in This Drought: Where is the Water and Where Is It Going?
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Agricultural Irrigation in This Drought: Where is the Water and Where Is It Going?
University of California Giannini Foundation of Agricultural Economics | May 14, 2015...
Summary
In the midst of its fourth year of drought, California now faces an estimated reduction in surface-water availability of 8.8 million acre-feet (maf)...
In the midst of its fourth year of drought, California now faces an estimated reduction in surface-water availability of 8.8 million acre-feet (maf) out of 29 maf in agricultural applied water statewide. However, groundwater, the buffer water supply during drought, is replacing about 6.2 maf of surface water via additional pumping. This increased groundwater pumping is in addition to the 1.5 maf of annual average groundwater overdraft in the Central Valley. The net reduction of 2.6 maf in the total supply in 2015 may result in about 564,000 acres fallowed statewide, or about 120,000 more acres than last year's fallowing estimates.

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Alamitos Barrier Project: Annual Report on the Control of Seawater Intrusion 2016-2017
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Alamitos Barrier Project: Annual Report on the Control of Seawater Intrusion 2016-2017
Los Angeles County Department of Public Works | June 30, 2017...
Summary
The Alamitos Barrier Project (ABP) was designed and constructed to protect the groundwater supplies of the Central/Orange County Basin of the Coastal Plain...

The Alamitos Barrier Project (ABP) was designed and constructed to protect the groundwater supplies of the Central/Orange County Basin of the Coastal Plain from the intrusion of seawater through the Alamitos Gap area. The project facilities are located near the Los Angeles-Orange County border about two miles inland from the terminus of the San Gabriel River. The original facilities included injection wells to form a freshwater pressure ridge and extraction wells to form a saltwater trough. The freshwater pressure ridge has proven to be historically effective, whereas the saltwater trough has not. As a result, the extraction wells are currently not in operation. A map showing the supply pipeline, injection wells, extraction wells, and observation wells is shown on page A-12.1. The County of Los Angeles Department of Public Works (Public Works) operates and maintains the ABP and its associated facilities under the direction and approval of the Joint Management Committee (JMC), acting on behalf of the Los Angeles County Flood Control District (LACFCD) and the Orange County Water District (OCWD). This report summarizes design and construction issues, operation and maintenance activities, hydrogeologic effects, chloride concentrations, and project costs for Fiscal Year (FY) 2016-17 (i.e., July 1, 2016 through June 30, 2017).

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An Update of the Death Valley Regional Groundwater Flow System Transient Model, Nevada and California

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An Update of the Death Valley Regional Groundwater Flow System Transient Model, Nevada and California
U.S. Geological Survey | October 31, 2016...
Summary
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has revised the regional-scale Death Valley regional groundwater flow system (DVRFS) numerical model with new data and interpretations...
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has revised the regional-scale Death Valley regional groundwater flow system (DVRFS) numerical model with new data and interpretations since the original numerical flow model was published in 2004 (Belcher (2004); re-published as Belcher and Sweetkind [2010]). Since the original publication of the DVRFS flow model, additional data have been collected and interpretations have been made. Cooperators such as the Bureau of Land Management, National Park Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the Department of Energy, and Nye County, Nevada, recognized a need to update the existing regional numerical flow model to maintain its viability as a groundwater management tool for regional stakeholders. For the purposes of this report, the version of the DVRFS numerical flow model documented in Belcher and Sweetkind (2010) and Faunt, Blainey, and others (2010) is designated as DVRFS v. 1.0. The updated version, as presented in this report, is referred to as DVRFS v. 2.0.

Knowledge of basin water balances and the magnitude of interbasin groundwater flow is the basis for regional groundwater management and water-resource planning in the Great Basin of Nevada (Scott and others, 1971). Rapid population growth, arid conditions, and increased water use have led to development of available groundwater resources. Groundwater use in some alluvial-fill basins has resulted in continued water-level declines and land subsidence. Adjacent bedrock aquifers are increasingly being targeted for additional development. Such groundwater development may potentially impact local and regional water quantity and quality, existing water rights, and wildlife habitats. An understanding of hydrogeologic processes that control the rate and direction of groundwater flow in southern Nevada is necessary to assess the potential effects of any proposed large-scale groundwater development. Potential water-resource conflicts exist because of disparate interests in the region, particularly with respect to the development of groundwater resources to meet agricultural, municipal, and industrial water demand and the need to protect habitat for endangered and threatened species. Water demands in the Amargosa Farms area from agricultural and suburban development, and rapidly urbanizing areas in Las Vegas and Pahrump Valleys place increasing pressure on existing groundwater resources.

In addition, several solar-energy facilities have been proposed within the Death Valley region; water demands for these facilities will vary. Natural groundwater discharge at springs and seeps sustains habitat for numerous species, many of which are threatened, endangered, or otherwise considered sensitive.

In 2004, the USGS documented a calibrated numerical flow model of the DVRFS (Belcher, 2004). The model, DVRFS v. 1.0, incorporated elements of several precursor numerical models but defined the boundaries of the regional flow system slightly different than in previous versions. The model simulates transient groundwater flow conditions in the DVRFS from 1913 through 1998. The report was subsequently revised and published as a USGS Professional Paper (Belcher and Sweetkind, 2010). Since release of DVRFS v. 1.0 in 2004, continued use of the model by cooperators, stakeholders, and interested parties in the region has demonstrated the need to improve specific aspects (such as the flow into northern Yucca Flat and parts of the Amargosa Desert), to update it with more recently acquired geologic and hydrologic data, and to extend the simulation period.

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Analysis of Potential Water-Supply Management Options, 2010-60, and Documentation of Revisions to the Model of the Irwin Basin Aquifer System, Fort Irwin National Training Center, California
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Analysis of Potential Water-Supply Management Options, 2010-60, and Documentation of Revisions to the Model of the Irwin Basin Aquifer System, Fort Irwin National Training Center, California
U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Irwin National Training Area | October 31, 2014...
Summary
The Fort Irwin National Training Center is considering several alternatives to manage their limited water-supply sources in the Irwin Basin. An existing three-dimensional,...
The Fort Irwin National Training Center is considering several alternatives to manage their limited water-supply sources in the Irwin Basin. An existing three-dimensional, finite-difference groundwater-flow model—the U.S. Geological Survey’s MOD-FLOW—of the aquifer system in the basin was updated and the initial input dataset was supplemented with groundwater withdrawal data for the period 2000–10. The updated model was then used to simulate four combinations, or scenarios, of groundwater withdrawal and recharge over the next 50 years (January 2011 through December 2060). The scenarios included combinations of continuing withdrawals from currently active production wells, supplementing any increases in demand with withdrawals from an inactive production well, reducing withdrawal amounts and rates, and reducing the discharge of treated wastewater to infiltration ponds that provide a recharge source to the underlying aquifer. Results of the simulations indicated that, depending on the scenario implemented, groundwater levels would rise (over the next 50 years) from 40 feet to as much as 65 feet in the northwestern part of the Irwin Basin, and from 5 feet to 10 feet in the southeastern part.

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Applying the Connectivity Approach: Groundwater management in California’s Kings Basin
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Applying the Connectivity Approach: Groundwater management in California’s Kings Basin
California Roundtable on Water and Food Supply | March 27, 2015...
Summary
The California Roundtable on Water and Food Supply (CRWFS) studied the processes used in the Kings Groundwater Subbasin (Kings Basin) of California’s San...
The California Roundtable on Water and Food Supply (CRWFS) studied the processes used in the Kings Groundwater Subbasin (Kings Basin) of California’s San Joaquin Valley to reveal strategies for advancing groundwater sustainability within the context of watershed-scale, integrated water management.

This inquiry was guided by the principles of the “connectivity approach”: a framework developed by CRWFS for resource managers, land use planners and policymakers to discover the linkages, strengths, successes, potentials, and disconnects related to their particular resource stewardship issues. A key concept is connected benefits, which refers to achieving multiple benefits across resource and development sectors to respond to California’s increasing water management challenges.

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Assessing the effectiveness of drywells as tools for stormwater management and aquifer recharge and their groundwater contamination potential
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Assessing the effectiveness of drywells as tools for stormwater management and aquifer recharge and their groundwater contamination potential
Science Direct | May 24, 2016...
Summary
Drywells are gravity-fed, excavated pits with perforated casings used to facilitate stormwater infiltration and groundwater recharge in areas where drainage and diversion of...
Drywells are gravity-fed, excavated pits with perforated casings used to facilitate stormwater infiltration and groundwater recharge in areas where drainage and diversion of storm flows is problematic. Historically, drywells have predominantly been used as a form of stormwater management in locations that receive high volumes of precipitation; however the use of drywells is increasingly being evaluated as a method to supplement groundwater recharge, especially in areas facing severe drought.

Studies have shown that drywells can be an effective means to increase recharge to aquifers; however, the potential for groundwater contamination caused by polluted stormwater runoff bypassing transport through surface soil and near surface sediment has prevented more widespread use of drywells as a recharge mechanism. Numerous studies have shown that groundwater and drinking water contamination from drywells can be avoided if drywells are used in appropriate locations and properly maintained.

The effectiveness of drywells for aquifer recharge depends on the hydrogeologic setting and land use surrounding a site, as well as influent stormwater quantity and quality. These parameters may be informed for a specific drywell site through geologic and hydrologic characterization and adequate monitoring of stormwater and groundwater quality.

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Availability of high-magnitude streamflow for groundwater banking in the Central Valley, California
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Availability of high-magnitude streamflow for groundwater banking in the Central Valley, California
Environmental Research Letters | July 31, 2017...
Summary
California’s climate is characterized by the largest precipitation and streamflow variability observed within the conterminous US This, combined with chronic groundwater overdraft of...

California’s climate is characterized by the largest precipitation and streamflow variability observed within the conterminous US This, combined with chronic groundwater overdraft of 0.6–3.5 km3 yr 1, creates the need to identify additional surface water sources available for groundwater recharge using methods such as agricultural groundwater banking, aquifer storage and recovery, and spreading basins. High-magnitude streamflow, i.e. flow above the 90th percentile, that exceeds environmental flow requirements and current surface water allocations under California water rights, could be a viable source of surface water for groundwater banking. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of the magnitude, frequency, duration and timing of high-magnitude streamflow (HMF) for 93 stream gauges covering the Sacramento, San Joaquin and Tulare basins in California. The results show that in an average year with HMF approximately 3.2 km3 of high-magnitude flow is exported from the entire Central Valley to the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta often at times when environmental flow requirements of the Delta and major rivers are exceeded. High-magnitude flow occurs, on average, during 7 and 4.7 out of 10 years in the Sacramento River and the San Joaquin-Tulare Basins, respectively, from just a few storm events (5–7 1-day peak events) lasting for 25–30 days between November and April. The results suggest that there is sufficient unmanaged surface water physically available to mitigate long-term groundwater overdraft in the Central Valley.

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Basin Boundary Adjustment Regulation Fact Sheet
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Basin Boundary Adjustment Regulation Fact Sheet
Department of Water Resources | October 16, 2015...
Summary
In September 2014, the Governor signed into law the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA). The Department has developed a program and is currently...
In September 2014, the Governor signed into law the Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA). The Department has developed a program and is currently implementing new and expanded responsibilities identified in SGMA. One of these responsibilities is developing emergency regulations to modify groundwater basin boundaries. SGMA established a process for local agencies to request that DWR revise the boundaries of a groundwater basin or subbasin, including the creation of new subbasins.

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BasinScout: Water Quantity

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BasinScout: Water Quantity
The Freshwater Trust | January 16, 2018...
Summary
California’s Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) establishes milestones that high- and medium-priority basins in a critical state of overdraft must meet to become...
California’s Sustainable Groundwater Management Act (SGMA) establishes milestones that high- and medium-priority basins in a critical state of overdraft must meet to become sustainable. BasinScout can assist managers in building an objective allocation plan that reflects the needs of various stakeholders in shaping how sustainability is achieved.

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Benefits and Economic Costs of Managed Aquifer Recharge in California
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Benefits and Economic Costs of Managed Aquifer Recharge in California
UC Davis San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science | July 14, 2016...
Summary
Groundwater management is important and challenging, and nowhere is this more evident than in California. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) projects can play an...
Groundwater management is important and challenging, and nowhere is this more evident than in California. Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) projects can play an important role in ensuring California manages its groundwater sustainably. Although the benefits and economic costs of surface water storage have been researched extensively, the benefits and economic costs of MAR have been little researched. Historical groundwater data are sparse or proprietary within the state, often impairing groundwater analyses. General obligation bonds from ballot propositions offer a strategic means of mining information about MAR projects, because the information is available publicly. We used bond-funding applications to identify anticipated MAR project benefits and proposed economic costs. We then compared these costs with actual project costs collected from a survey, and identified factors that promote or limit MAR. Our analysis indicates that the median proposed economic cost for MAR projects in California is $410 per acre-foot per year ($0.33 per m3 per year). Increasing Water Supply, Conjunctive Use, and Flood Protection are the most common benefits reported. Additionally, the survey indicates that (1) there are many reported reasons for differences between proposed and actual costs ($US 2015) and (2) there is one primary reason for differences between proposed recharge volumes and actual recharge volumes (AFY): availability of source water for recharge. Although there are differences between proposed and actual costs per recharge volume ($US 2015/AFY), the ranges for proposed costs per recharge volume and actual costs per recharge volume for the projects surveyed generally agree. The two most important contributions to the success of a MAR project are Financial Support and Good Communication with Stakeholders.

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Bulletin 118: California’s Groundwater (1975)
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Bulletin 118: California’s Groundwater (1975)
Department of Water Resources | September 1, 1975...
Summary
Water has long been a key factor in California's social and economic development. The water has come about equally from groundwater (water stored...
Water has long been a key factor in California's social and economic development. The water has come about equally from groundwater (water stored underground in permeable rock or soil formations) and from surface water. Although many reports describing the statewide surface resource have been published, very few reports have been devoted to a statewide groundwater appraisal.

This report provides a summary of the vast amount of information available on individual groundwater basins. It also describes past, present, and possible future management of the groundwater resource.

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Bulletin 118: California’s Groundwater (1980)
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Bulletin 118: California’s Groundwater (1980)
Department of Water Resources | January 1, 1980...
Summary
Ground water management is a major issue in California. The Governor's Commission to Review California Water Rights Law, in its December 1978 report,...
Ground water management is a major issue in California. The Governor's Commission to Review California Water Rights Law, in its December 1978 report, recommends a new ground water management law for California. During the 1978 and 1979 sessions of the California Legislature, similar bills were introduced but to date the only related legislation enacted was S8 1505 (Nejed1y, 1978) which directed the Department to identify the ground water basins of the State, including those subject to critical conditions of overdraft. Basins are to be identified on the basis of geological and hydrological conditions and consideration of political boundary lines whenever practical.

The ground water basin boundaries in this report can provide a basis for ground water management, should the Legislature enact such a program.

New ground water management legislation is needed. While some local agencies are managing ground water effectively with the limited powers available to them, increased authority would permit more extensive local development and implementation of plans for management of the storage space in the underlying ground water basin, ground water extraction, and artificial recharge.

Ground water management is an institutional and a political process. The ground water basin boundaries identified in this report respond in large part to the views of agencies expressed in the workshops and public hearings.

Three hundred fifty seven ground water basins are identified in this report as shown in Bulletin 118, California's Groundwater, 1975. Thirty-seven basin boundaries differ from those in Bulletin 118 (1975). Of these, twenty-two were in accord with local agency comments, and three were selected from among conflicting local comments. Pursuant to Section 10004 of the California Water Code, this report is submitted to the Legislature and shall become part of the California Water Plan.

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2017 Salinas Valley Groundwater Level Contours & Seawater Intrusion Maps

2017 Salinas Valley Groundwater Level Contours & Seawater Intrusion Maps

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2017 SGMA Annual Report South American Subbasin (5-021.65) Sacramento Central Groundwater Authority

2017 SGMA Annual Report South American Subbasin (5-021.65) Sacramento Central Groundwater Authority

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A Guide for Using the Transient Ground-Water Flow Model of the Death Valley Regional Ground-Water Flow System, Nevada and California

A Guide for Using the Transient Ground-Water Flow Model of the Death Valley Regional Ground-Water Flow System, Nevada and California

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A hybrid machine learning model to predict and visualize nitrate concentration throughout the Central Valley aquifer, California, USA

A hybrid machine learning model to predict and visualize nitrate concentration throughout the Central Valley aquifer, California, USA

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A National Framework for Groundwater Monitoring in the United States

A National Framework for Groundwater Monitoring in the United States

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A Water Resources Data Network Evaluation for Monterey County, California; Phase 1; South County

A Water Resources Data Network Evaluation for Monterey County, California; Phase 1; South County

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A Water Resources Data Network Evaluation for Monterey County, California; Phase 3, Northern Salinas River Drainage Basin

A Water Resources Data Network Evaluation for Monterey County, California; Phase 3, Northern Salinas River Drainage Basin

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A Water Resources Data-Network Evaluation for Monterey County, California, Phase 3: Northern Salinas River Drainage Basin

A Water Resources Data-Network Evaluation for Monterey County, California, Phase 3: Northern Salinas River Drainage Basin

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Agricultural Irrigation in This Drought: Where is the Water and Where Is It Going?

Agricultural Irrigation in This Drought: Where is the Water and Where Is It Going?

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Alamitos Barrier Project: Annual Report on the Control of Seawater Intrusion 2016-2017

Alamitos Barrier Project: Annual Report on the Control of Seawater Intrusion 2016-2017

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An Update of the Death Valley Regional Groundwater Flow System Transient Model, Nevada and California

An Update of the Death Valley Regional Groundwater Flow System Transient Model, Nevada and California

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Analysis of Potential Water-Supply Management Options, 2010-60, and Documentation of Revisions to the Model of the Irwin Basin Aquifer System, Fort Irwin National Training Center, California

Analysis of Potential Water-Supply Management Options, 2010-60, and Documentation of Revisions to the Model of the Irwin Basin Aquifer System, Fort Irwin National Training Center, California

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Applying the Connectivity Approach: Groundwater management in California’s Kings Basin

Applying the Connectivity Approach: Groundwater management in California’s Kings Basin

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Assessing the effectiveness of drywells as tools for stormwater management and aquifer recharge and their groundwater contamination potential

Assessing the effectiveness of drywells as tools for stormwater management and aquifer recharge and their groundwater contamination potential

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Availability of high-magnitude streamflow for groundwater banking in the Central Valley, California

Availability of high-magnitude streamflow for groundwater banking in the Central Valley, California

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Basin Boundary Adjustment Regulation Fact Sheet

Basin Boundary Adjustment Regulation Fact Sheet

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BasinScout: Water Quantity

BasinScout: Water Quantity

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Benefits and Economic Costs of Managed Aquifer Recharge in California

Benefits and Economic Costs of Managed Aquifer Recharge in California

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Bulletin 118: California’s Groundwater (1975)

Bulletin 118: California’s Groundwater (1975)

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Bulletin 118: California’s Groundwater (1980)

Bulletin 118: California’s Groundwater (1980)

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