Predicted Water-Level and Water-Quality Effects of Artificial Recharge in the Upper Coachella Valley, California, Using a Finite-Element Digital Model

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) | April 15th, 1978

This study was begun in mid-1973 by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Desert Water Agency (DWA) and the Coachella Valley County Water District (CVCWD). T

This study was begun in mid-1973 by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Desert Water Agency (DWA) and the Coachella Valley County Water District (CVCWD). The purpose of the study was to (1) analyze the present water quality conditions of the ground-water basin, (2) determine the water-level changes that will result from recharging the aquifer, and (3) determine the water-quality changes that will result from recharging the aquifer. The study included: (1) Collecting, evaluating, tabulating, and computer processing all available ground-water-quality data for the study area; (2) describing the areal distribution of water quality throughout the ground-water basin; (3) updating the pumpage and other hydrologic data compiled for the analog model of the study area (Tyley, 1974); (4) developing a digital hydraulic (flow) model utilizing the finite-element method; and (5) developing a digital solute-transport (water quality) model utilizing the finite-element method. This report presents the results of the 3-year study and the predictions of the possible effects of ground-water recharge on the water resources of the upper Coachella Valley.

2022 Indio Subbasin Water Management Plan Update

Indio Subbasin Groundwater Sustainability Agencies | December 15th, 2021

On December 29, 2016, the Indio Subbasin GSAs submitted to the Department of Water Resources (DWR) the 2010 CVWMP (CVWD, 2012a), accompanied by a Bridge Document

On December 29, 2016, the Indio Subbasin GSAs submitted to the Department of Water Resources (DWR) the 2010 CVWMP (CVWD, 2012a), accompanied by a Bridge Document (Indio Subbasin GSAs, 2016), as an Alternative Plan to a Groundwater Sustainability Plan (GSP) for the Indio Subbasin. On July 17, 2019, DWR approved the 2010 CVWMP Update as an Alternative Plan. In compliance with SGMA, the GSAs have prepared Annual Reports which can be found on the program website. SGMA also requires plan updates every 5 years; this Indio Subbasin Water Management Plan Update (Alternative Plan Update) fulfills that requirement. Click here for the Plan Appendices.

Land subsidence, groundwater levels, and geology in the Coachella Valley, California, 1993-2010

U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) | June 15th, 2014

Land subsidence associated with groundwater-level declines has been investigated by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Coachella Valley, California, since 1996. Groundwate

Land subsidence associated with groundwater-level declines has been investigated by the U.S. Geological Survey in the Coachella Valley, California, since 1996. Groundwater has been a major source of agricultural, municipal, and domestic supply in the valley since the early 1920s. Pumping of groundwater resulted in water-level declines as much as 15 meters (50 feet) through the late 1940s. In 1949, the importation of Colorado River water to the southern Coachella Valley began, resulting in a reduction in groundwater pumping and a recovery of water levels during the 1950s through the 1970s. Since the late 1970s, demand for water in the valley has exceeded deliveries of imported surface water, resulting in increased pumping and associated groundwater-level declines and, consequently, an increase in the potential for land subsidence caused by aquifer-system compaction.

SGMA Alternative Groundwater Sustainability Plan – Bridge Document for the Indio Subbasin

Coachella Valley Water District (CVWD) | December 15th, 2016

Decline in the Coachella Valley’s groundwater table was first noted in the 1910s. Concerned that their artesian wells were drying, local residents and farmers formed th

Decline in the Coachella Valley’s groundwater table was first noted in the 1910s. Concerned that their artesian wells were drying, local residents and farmers formed the Coachella Valley Water District (CVWD) in 1918. CVWD took steps to secure water supplies from the Colorado River that led to the completion of the Coachella Branch of the All-American Canal in 1949. CVWD and Desert Water Agency (DWA) contracted with the State of California for water from the State Water Project (SWP) in the early 1960s with the first deliveries in 1973. At that time, CVWD and DWA implemented groundwater replenishment programs and collected replenishment assessment from groundwater producers. However, continued growth in the Valley resulted in groundwater level declines and overdraft. Twenty years before the adoption of SGMA, CVWD began development of the initial Water Management Plan in 1994 after recognizing the need to sustainably manage the Coachella Valley Groundwater Basin. CVWD adopted the Coachella Valley Water Management Plan in 2002 (2002 WMP) to eliminate groundwater overdraft in the Basin. The 2002 WMP was updated in 2010 (2010 WMP Update) and adopted in 2012. This plan covers the Indio Subbasin of the Coachella Valley Groundwater Basin. CVWD, along with DWA and Mission Springs Water District also prepared the Mission Creek-Garnet Hill Water Management Plan (MCGH WMP) that covers the Mission Creek Subbasin and the Garnet Hill Subarea of the Indio Subbasin. As of 2016, plan implementation is showing positive results with stabilizing water levels throughout much of the Valley. Continued implementation is expected to eliminate water level declines by about 2025.

More state and local attention to financing can advance sustainable groundwater management

Berkeley Law Center for Law, Energy, & the Environment | April 12th, 2025

Coachella Valley Water District Engineer's Report on Water Supply and Replenishment Assessment for the East Whitewater River Subbasin Area of Benefit

Coachella Valley Water District (CVWD) | April 15th, 2015

Coachella Valley Water District (CVWD) and Desert Water Agency (DWA) have been importing Colorado River water exchanged for State Water Project (SWP) water alloca

Coachella Valley Water District (CVWD) and Desert Water Agency (DWA) have been importing Colorado River water exchanged for State Water Project (SWP) water allocations to replenish the groundwater within the Coachella Valley Groundwater Basin since 1973. Groundwater replenishment within the East Whitewater River Subbasin began in 1997 through a pilot program at the Thomas E. Levy Groundwater Replenishment Facility (TEL Replenishment Facility). In 2004, the Martinez Canyon pilot project was brought online. If groundwater replenishment with imported water is eliminated, groundwater overdraft will result. Increased overdraft results in declining water levels, increased pump lifts, and increased energy consumption to pump groundwater for irrigation and domestic use. Extreme overdraft has the potential to cause ground surface subsidence and to impact water quality and groundwater storage volume.

Carpinteria Groundwater Basin Groundwater Sustainability Plan

Carpinteria Groundwater Sustainability Agency | December 1st, 2023

The Basin was originally designated as a low-priority basin by DWR. In 2019, DWR conducted a basin reprioritization process that reclassified the Basin as a high-priority

The Basin was originally designated as a low-priority basin by DWR. In 2019, DWR conducted a basin reprioritization process that reclassified the Basin as a high-priority basin, resulting in the preparation of this Plan pursuant to Section 10720, et. seq., of the State Water Code as required by SGMA.

Update on an Analysis of a Potential Groundwater Storage and Recovery Program in the Carpinteria Groundwater Basin

Montecito Water District (MWD) | March 11th, 2025

An Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Interaction Model for the Carmel River

California State University, Monterey Bay | April 30th, 2010

The Carmel River supplies fresh water to the residents of the Monterey Peninsula within the water district served by the California American Water company (Cal-Am). The S

The Carmel River supplies fresh water to the residents of the Monterey Peninsula within the water district served by the California American Water company (Cal-Am). The State Water Resources Control Board, in 1995, ordered that Cal-Am reduce their annual diversions from the Carmel River Watershed to within legal right (3,376 acre-feet per year). An alternative water source to the Carmel River has yet to be determined, and as a result, Cal-Am must continue to divert more water than their legal entitlement. The current magnitude of diversions has a negative impact on the spawning and migrating habitat of Steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Existing software in the Tarsier Environmental Modeling Framework was used to model the spatial distribution of surface water along the Carmel River. The model simulated the flow of water downstream from catchment area to the Pacific Ocean. The river channel was represented by a network data set comprised of links, representing individual reaches of the river, connected by nodes. Prior to my work, systematic error in the model was thought to be partially the result of the model lacking a simulation of the interactions between the surface water and the underlying aquifer. A groundwater sub-model was developed to correct for the systematic error. The groundwater sub-model simulated the movement of water between the river channel and the aquifer. Stock variables representing a shallow and deep aquifer were added to each link of the network data set. Simulated water in the surface water stock of each link percolates to these aquifer stocks until the groundwater reaches aquifer capacity, allowing surface water to continue flowing downstream. The model also allows the lateral flow of groundwater according to Darcy’s Law. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of model output compared to observed data showed an increase in model accuracy. Quantitatively, a Nash- Sutcliff Coefficient was improved from 0.88 to 0.97 with the addition of the groundwater model. Qualitatively, a visualization of the longitudinal profile of the river system showed the simulated aquifer controlling the surface flow. A hypothetical application of this model is presented where reducing the pumping rate from the aquifer allowed the wetted river channel to increase by 2.5 km. Future work on the model should include a reservoir sub-model and accounting for spatial variability in the precipitation throughout the catchment area. With these improvements it will be possible to improve predictions of the spatial distribution of surface water along the Carmel River given hypothetical scenarios such as the rate and spatial distribution of pumping from the Carmel Aquifer. Using these simulations to inform decisions of river management could benefit all stakeholders of the river.

Integrated Regional Water Management Plan for the Greater Monterey County Region

Greater Monterey County Regional Water Management Group | August 31st, 2018

Integrated regional water management (IRWM) is an approach to water resource management in California that is being strongly promoted by the State as a way to inc

Integrated regional water management (IRWM) is an approach to water resource management in California that is being strongly promoted by the State as a way to increase regional self-sufficiency. IRWM offers an approach for managing the uncertainties that lie ahead, particularly in light of climate change. The IRWM planning process brings together water and natural resource managers, along with other community stakeholders, to collaboratively plan for and ensure the region’s continued water supply reliability, improved water quality, flood management, and healthy functioning ecosystems—allowing for creative new solutions and greater efficiencies. This IRWM Plan has been developed for the Greater Monterey County IRWM region to fulfill the goals of IRWM planning in this region and to provide eligibility for State IRWM grant funds. Click here for the chapter index. Click here for the Greater Monterey County Integrated Regional Water Management Program home page